Percy Bernard, 5th Earl of Bandon

Infobox Military Person
name= Percy Ronald Gardner Bernard, 5th Earl of Bandon
lived= 30 August 1904 – 8 February, 1979
placeofbirth= Gillingham, Kent, England
placeofdeath= Bon Secours Hospital, County Cork, Ireland


caption=
nickname=Paddy
allegiance=flag|United Kingdom
serviceyears= 1922 - 1964
rank= Air Chief Marshal
branch= air force|United Kingdom
commands= AOC No 224 Group RAF
Commandant Royal Observer Corps
Allied Air Forces Central Europe
Second Tactical Air Force
No. 11 Group
No. 2 Group
unit=
battles= World War II
awards= Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Companion of the Order of the Bath
Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Distinguished Service Order
Mention in Despatches (3)
Distinguished Flying Cross (USA)
Bronze Star Medal (USA)
laterwork=

Air Chief Marshal Percy Ronald Gardner Bernard, 5th Earl of Bandon GBE, CB, CVO, DSO, RAF, (30 August 1904 – 8 February, 1979) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force in the mid-20th century and the fifth Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps. He was awarded a US Distinguished Flying Cross in December 1946 and the American order of the Bronze Star Medal in October 1956, although Queen's Regulations for the RAF would not have permitted the foreign orders to be worn on his RAF uniform.

Early life

The elder of twin boys by twenty minutes and the son of Lieutenant Colonel Ronald Percy Hamilton Bernard and Lettice Mina Paget, Percy Bernard was born on 30 August 1904 in Gillingham, Kent. His family resided in a house on the Theobald's Park estate in Hertfordshire where the eccentric horse breeder and owner Lady Valerie Meux had loaned his parents a house.

In the summer of 1914 he and his twin brother were sent to St. Aubyn's Preparatory School at Rottingdean, and four years later both boys entered the Orange dormitory at Wellington College where Percy was continually referred to as Bernard Minor incorrectly throughout his time at Wellington College. Having studied for and passing the entrance examination he entered the Royal Air Force College at Cranwell in Lincolnshire in 1922.

Elevation to the peerage

Whilst still a Cadet in B Squadron at Cranwell, Bernard succeeded to the Irish Peerage title of "5th Earl of Bandon" on 18 May 1924. Concurrently he also succeeded to the additional titles of "5th Baron Bandon of Bandonbridge", Cork, "5th Viscount Bernard" and "5th Viscount Bandon, of Bandonbridge", Cork.

There was little money attached to his inheritance and the main element, Castle Bernard near Cork was derelict after being bombed by the IRA four years earlier in 1920. The new Earl eventually received just £123,000 compensation for the damage to the family seat, which was eventually rebuilt.

Although the British Army and the Royal Navy have always had a significant number of Peers within their ranks the newly created Earl of Bandon was almost unique within the RAF. Known to one and all by the familial name of “Paddy” Bandon he developed a devilish sense of humour and was involved in many scrapes with superior officers during his career. There were a number of anecdotes told about the Earl, perhaps the most repeated was the occasion that he and several of his fellow pilots wearing grubby and disheveled flight dress, straight after combat flights, entered the Shepheard's, Hotel in Cairo used as an officers’ mess during 1942. An immaculately dressed army officer snootily told him, "I am Major the Honourable (A N Other), Assistant Provost Marshal. You and your men are improperly dressed and must leave." The Earl replied, "I am Group Captain the Earl of Bandon and therefore outrank you on both counts. Now do push off, there's a good chap."

Early RAF career

The Earl graduated from Cranwell in December 1924 and was posted as a pilot to No 4 Squadron RAF in the rank of Pilot Officer. Two years later he was promoted to Flying Officer and appointed as a Qualified Flying Instructor (QFI) at No 5 Flying Training School RAF.

On 2 May 1930, by now a Flight Lieutenant, he was posted as a QFI to the RAF's Central Flying School but only stayed there eight months before he took up a post as Personal Assistant to the Air Officer Commanding the Middle East. In November 1931 he returned to active flying duties with No 216 Squadron RAF, also acting as squadron Adjutant. During 1931 whilst still serving with No. 216 Squadron RAF, he made the first non-stop flight from Khartoum to Cairo, re-filling his fuel tanks by hand from cans stored recklessly inside the aircraft’s cockpit.

Promotion to Squadron Leader arrived on 13 January 1936 when the Earl was posted to RAF Ternhill in Shropshire as a flight commander at No 10 Flying Training School. At the end of 1938 Bandon spent several months as a supernumerary Squadron leader within No 6 (Auxiliary) Group RAF. The hiatus in his career ended in January 1939, just prior to the Second World War when he was summoned to a Headquarters staff posting as the Plans 3 Officer at the Directorate of Operational Plans at Adastral House. During his time in the Directorate he was a member of the committee that held talks in 1939 with delegates from Poland about the supply of Fairey Battles, Hawker Hurricanes and Supermarine Spitfires, but the agreed provision failed to reach the country before the German victory.

On the 1 January 1940 he received a promotion to Temporary Wing Commander and a short term posting to Senior Staff Officer, No. 2 Group RAF. Later that year he received his first proper command when appointed Officer Commanding No. 82 Squadron RAF. A month later he was additionally designated Station Commander of RAF Watton. On 17 May 1940, his squadron was detailed to carry out a raid against German columns around Gembloux. When the expected fighter escort did not arrive, having already been intercepted by Bf109's, the twelve Blenhiems pressed on to the target and were themselves attacked by Bf109's. All but one of the aircraft were shot down and that one collapsed when it landed back at base. Faced with a squadron consisting of himself, one flight commander, two Sergeant pilots and the ground crews, it was planned to disband the squadron but Bandon put forward a case on behalf of his ground crews that the squadron should be re-equipped. That evening twelve new Blenhiems were delivered together with their crews. The following day they carried out a practice flight and that night he led six of them on a raid into Germany. This quality of leadership earned him a well deserved DSO. Promoted to Temporary Group Captain he became Station Commander of two other RAF stations during the same year, spending only a few months at each. Firstly he commanded RAF West Raynham in Norfolk before moving to nearby RAF Horsham St Faith.

On 29 December 1942 he was posted overseas as the Air Staff Officer, HQ Air Forces in India. The following year he moved to Air Staff Officer HQ South East Asia Command (SEAC). Bandon returned to UK operations in July 1944 promoted to Acting Air Commodore and appointed Air Officer Commanding No. 224 Group RAF. As AOC he very unofficially continued to fly on operational sorties, removing his Air Commodore rank badges and flying instead in a Flying Officer’s uniform.

Royal Observer Corps

In December 1945 the Earl became the fifth Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps taking over from the retiring Air Commodore Finlay Crerar. The Earl assumed command of the Corps at a time when it had been officially stood down from duty and placed on a care and maintenance basis. Although a period of stand-down had been ordered the Corps was not completely disbanded, as it was anticipated that the ROC must continue as an essential component of the UK’s future post-war air defence system.

The wholetime cadre of ROC officers remained in post and the ROC centres across the UK were maintained and kept in good condition. Humourous cartoons of the era depicted the wholetime officers tending flower beds in front of the ROC centres with uniform sleeves rolled up, sunning themselves in deck-chairs or sleepily answering the front door in nightgown and nightcap with a candle in their hand. Although no longer being paid, many observers continued to meet and train weekly in private and membership of the unofficial Royal Observer Corps Club expanded.

Cabinet approval was finally given for the Corps to be re-formed in January 1947 and Air Commodore the Earl of Bandon enthusiastically drew upon a considerable number of wartime experienced observers to form the nucleus around which the Corps was rebuilt, together with a massive influx of new and younger recruits. During the next two years the ROC was reorganised and vigourously retrained, but on geographical lines similar to those that existed at the end of the war. The speed of the newly introduced jet aircraft exercised the minds of the ROC senior officers as they strived to adapt to a modern environment.

With the ROC rebuilt and back to full readiness, on 1 February 1949 Lord Bandon handed over his once more fully-operational command to his successor Air Commodore Richard Jordan CB DFC ADC. Having introduced the concept of annual ROC summer training camps in 1948 the Earl had formally opened the first two camps at RAF Thorney Island. In 1953 he returned as Air Vice-Marshall The Earl of Bandon to inspect the sixth annual camp at RAF Waterbeach and address the observers as a visiting VIP guest of honour.

Later RAF career

After a period of sabbatical private study at the Imperial Defence College, the Earl became Air Officer Commanding No. 2 Group, Germany on 16 January 1950. Seven months later he returned to the UK as AOC No. 11 Group RAF on promotion to Acting Air Vice-Marshall, a rank that was made permanent on 1 Jan 1952. In 1953 he was tasked with the quite formidable duty of planning the flypast for the Coronation Review of the RAF at RAF Odiham which took place on 15 July. This involved scheduling 640 aircraft to pass the reviewing point in 27 minutes. On completion of the flypast he marched to the saluting dais to pay his respects to Queen Elizabeth, who bestowed him 'on the spot' as a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.

On the 1 October 1953 he was appointed Assistant Chief of the Air Staff with responsibility for RAF training. On 22 January 1956 he was promoted to Acting Air Marshall and appointed as Commander in Chief of the 2nd Tactical Air Forces. In July 1957 his promotion to Air Marshall was made permanent and he was appointed Commander in Chief, Far East Air Force (FEAF).

On the 1 July 1959 Lord Bandon was promoted to Air Chief Marshall and his final RAF appointment came on 1 March 1961 when he became Commander, Allied Air Forces in Central Europe.

Never one for officialdom he had found himself 'in hot water' on a number of occasions throughout his career, one such being in 1957 when he received a reprimand from George Ward, Secretary of State for Air, for stating to the British press that tactical nuclear weapons would soon be issued to air forces in Europe. Yet another reprimand arrived from Lord Mountbatten after his virtual single handed high-jacking of the Indian Ocean island of Gan as a RAF staging post. During his tenure as C in C, FEAF he took the opportunity of flying aboard Sunderland 'P-Peter' of 205/209 Sqn when it made the last ever flight by a RAF flying boat on 15 May 1959. He then took the salute at the disbandment of the Squadron at Changi on the 31st of the month. He retired from the RAF on 6 February 1964 and took up residence at the family estate in Cork.

Private life

Bandon married Maybel Elizabeth Playfair, the daughter of Raymond Playfair, on 28 February 1933 at Nairobi Cathedral, in Kenya. They divorced thirteen years later in 1946 just before he married Lois Russell, daughter of prominent Australian Francis Russell, on 2 October 1946.

In retirement the Earl discovered the pleasures of fishing, particularly in the River Bandon which was well stocked with salmon, and in shooting, snipe and woodcock found in large numbers near Castle Bernard. He was also developing an enthusiastic skill as a gardener with a particular knowledge of rhododendrons. The Earl died on 8 February 1979 at Bon Secours Hospital in County Cork. aged 74 and without male issue. Consequently on his death all his titles became extinct. He was survived by Lois, Lady Bandon and the two daughters from his first marriage, Lady Jennifer Jane Bernard, of Castle Bernard (born April 1935) and Lady Frances Elizabeth Bernard (born February 1943). A portrait in oils (painted 1969) of the Earl, in his uniform as an Air Chief Marshal together with his robes as a peer of the realm, hangs in the main dining hall at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell.

References

* [http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Bandon.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Air Chf Mshl The Earl of Bandon]

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-succession box
title=Air Officer Commanding No. 2 Group
before=L F Sinclair
after=H D McGregor
years=1950–1951
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-succession box
before=James Bernard
title=Earl of Bandon
years=1924–1979
after=Extinct