Pierre-Marc Johnson

Infobox Prime Minister
honorific-prefix = Doctor
name = Pierre-Marc Johnson
honorific-suffix = GOQ MD LLB


caption =
birth_date = birth date and age|1946|07|05
birth_place = Montreal, Quebec
residence =
death_date =
death_place =
order = 24th
office = Premier of Quebec
term_start = October 3, 1985
term_end = December 12, 1985
lieutenant_governor = Gilles Lamontagne
predecessor1 = René Lévesque
successor1 = Robert Bourassa
party = Parti Québécois
religion = Roman Catholic
spouse =
profession = lawyer, physician

Pierre-Marc Johnson GOQ is a Quebec lawyer, physician and politician. He was the "Parti Québécois" (PQ) Premier of Quebec from October 3 to December 12, 1985. [ [http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/membres/notices/j-l/johnpm.htm Pierre Marc Johnson] , Assemblée nationale du Québec]

Early background

Born in Montreal, Quebec, on July 5, 1946, Johnson is of French Canadian and Irish descent and is a Roman Catholic. He received a degree in law from the Université de Montréal in 1970 and a medical degree from the Université de Sherbrooke in 1976.

His father, Daniel Johnson, Sr., served as Premier of Quebec from 1966 to 1968. His brother, Daniel Johnson, Jr., served as Premier for nine months in 1994.

Each of the Johnsons led different political parties:

* Daniel Sr was leader of the conservative Union Nationale party, and had an ambiguous position on the question of independence for Quebec;
* Pierre Marc joined the sovereigntist PQ in the aftermath of the 1970 October Crisis;
* Daniel, Jr., who had close ties to Power Corporation, backed the federalist Liberals by 1977.

Member of the Cabinet

In 1976, Pierre Marc Johnson successfully ran as the Parti Québécois candidate for the district of Anjou. Premier René Lévesque appointed him to the cabinet in 1977 and he was re-elected in 1981.

Johnson served as Minister of Labour from 1977 to 1980, Minister to Consumers, Cooperatives and Financial Institutions from 1980 to 1981, Minister of Social Affairs from 1981 to 1984 and Attorney General from 1984 to 1985.

Premier of Quebec

In the leadership election of 1985, Johnson was chosen, following PQ founder René Lévesque as leader of the party and, consequently, as Quebec Premier.

Johnson was generally considered to be soft on the sovereignty of Quebec issue. He put independence on the back burner, as Lévesque has begun to do under the so-called "Beau risque" approach and eventually made this approach the official constitutional policy of his party, calling it "National Affirmation".

Leader of the Official Opposition

He was re-elected to the legislature in 1985, but his party was defeated by the Liberals, led by Robert Bourassa.

His leadership was contested by more radical PQ supporters, such as Gérald Godin. In December 1987, he resigned as head of the party, Leader of the Opposition and member of the National Assembly. He was succeeded as head of the PQ by Jacques Parizeau, who again made independence a primary goal.

Life after leaving politics

Both a lawyer and a physician, he is a former Professor of Law at McGill University in Montreal and is currently Counsel at the firm of Heenan Blaikie LLP in Montreal, Quebec. In 2001 he was appointed as chief advisor and negotiator of the Quebec government in the Softwood Lumber dispute between Canada and the United States by then Premier Bernard Landry.

In October 2006, he was chosen by the Charest government to preside over a public inquiry into the collapse of a viaduct over Autoroute 19 in Laval, Quebec, which caused five deaths and six wounded. The choice of Johnson was criticized by both leaders in opposition André Boisclair (PQ) and Mario Dumont (Action démocratique du Québec) because of the possibility of conflict of interest. As president, he was invested with the responsibility of investigating government administration while being a former Minister of the Quebec Government, a former Premier of Quebec, and, until shortly after this nomination, member of the board of directors of Ciment Saint-Laurent, a cement company. [ [http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20070717/CPACTUALITES/70717165/6730/CPACTUALITES Une bisbille éclate à la commission Johnson] , La Presse, July 17, 2007]

Johnson was appointed by the minority Conservative government to the Canadian delegation at the United Nations' Bali conference on climate change. [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20071204.webali04/BNStory/International]

Attitude about sovereignty

Johnson refused to take a stance regarding the 1995 Quebec referendum on independence.

In December 2005 he made waves in sovereigntist circles by supporting Liberal candidate and close, longtime friend Raymond Bachand in a provincial by-election in the Outremont riding. [ [http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/Politique/2005/11/25/001-PIERRE-MARC-JOHNSON.shtml Pierre Marc Johnson tourne le dos au PQ] , Radio-Canada, November 25, 2005]

Elections as party leader

He lost the 1985 election.

Footnotes

ee also

*Politics of Quebec
*List of Quebec general elections
*Timeline of Quebec history

External links

* [http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/membres/notices/j-l/JOHNPM.htm National Assembly biography] (in French)