Fifth disease

Fifth disease

Infobox_Disease
Name = PAGENAME


Caption = 16 month old with fifth disease
DiseasesDB = 4442
ICD10 = ICD10|B|08|3|b|0
ICD9 = ICD9|057.0
ICDO =
OMIM =
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj = emerg
eMedicineTopic = 378
eMedicine_mult = eMedicine2|derm|136 eMedicine2|ped|192
MeshID =

Fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by parvovirus B19.cite journal |author=Weir E |title=Parvovirus B19 infection: fifth disease and more |journal=CMAJ |volume=172 |issue=6 |pages=743 |year=2005 |month=March |pmid=15767606 |pmc=552884 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.045293 |url=http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15767606] The disease is also referred to as erythema infectiosum (meaning "infectious redness") and as slapped cheek syndrome, slapcheek, slap face or slapped face. In Japan the disease is called 'apple sickness or ringo-byou' (りんご病）in reference to the symptom of facial redness. The name "fifth disease" derives from its historical classification as the fifth of the classical childhood skin rashes or exanthems.

Symptoms

The bright red cheeks are a defining symptom of the infection in children (hence the name "slapped cheek disease"). Occasionally the rash will extend over the bridge of the nose or around the mouth. In addition to the red cheeks, children often develop a red, lacy rash on the rest of the body, with the upper arms and legs being the most common locations. The rash can last a couple of days (some cases lasting for several weeks) and may itch. Patients are usually no longer infectious once the rash has appeared.

Teenagers and adults may present with a self-limited arthritis.

The disease is usually mild,cite journal |author=Mankuta D, Bar-Oz B, Koren G |title=Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease) and pregnancy |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=45 |issue= |pages=603–5 |year=1999 |month=March |pmid=10099795 |pmc=2328398 |doi= |url=] but in certain risk groups it can have serious consequences:
* In pregnant women, infection in the first trimester has been linked to hydrops fetalis, causing spontaneous abortion
* In people with Sickle-cell disease or other forms of chronic hemolytic anemia, infection can precipitate an aplastic crisis.

Epidemiology

Any age may be affected although it is most common in children aged five to fifteen years.cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic378.htm |title=eMedicine - Pediatrics, Fifth Disease or Erythema Infectiosum : Article by Kenneth T Kwon |format= |work= |accessdate=] By the time adulthood is reached about half the population will have become immune following infection at some time in their past. Outbreaks can arise especially in nurseries and schools .The Rash is typically described as 'Erythema Infectiosum'.

References

External links

* [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/parvovirus/B19.htm CDC]
* [http://www.b19virus.com/ Parvovirus Information]
* [http://www.slappedcheek.com/ Slapped Cheek Information]
* [http://www.fifthdisease.org/ www.fifthdisease.org]
* [http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=424&sectionId=1 NHS Direct health encyclopaedia]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Fifth disease — An oddly named disease caused by a virus called parvovirus B 19. (In the pre vaccination era, fifth disease was frequently the "fifth disease" that a child contracted.) . Symptoms include low grade fever, fatigue, a "slapped cheeks …   Medical dictionary

  • Fifth-disease — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 B08.3 Erythema infectiosum …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • fifth disease — noun Etymology: probably translation of French cinquième maladie; so called because it was the fifth of five exanthematous childhood diseases known at the time of its description (1928) : an acute eruptive disease especially of children that is… …   Useful english dictionary

  • fifth disease — /ˈfɪfθ dəziz/ (say fifth duhzeez) noun a common childhood disease caused by a parvovirus, resulting in red flushed cheeks, paleness around the mouth and a red patchy rash on the arms and legs; slapped cheek disease. {from its being fifth in… …  

  • fifth disease — noun Etymology: from its enumeration as the fifth of five exanthematous childhood diseases known at the time of its description Date: circa 1941 an acute disease especially of children caused by a parvovirus species (B19 virus of the genus… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • fifth disease — Pathol. a mild infection, most often seen in children or young adults, caused by a small virus (the human parvovirus B19) and marked by a blotchy rash on the cheeks, arms, and legs. Also called erythema infectiosum. [so called because it was the… …   Universalium

  • fifth disease — noun The manifestation as rashes of a particular viral infection …   Wiktionary

  • Fifth Disease — parvovirus …   Eponyms, nicknames, and geographical games

  • fifth disease — see erythema (infectiosum) …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • Pregnancy danger from fifth disease — Caused by a virus known as parvovirus B 19. Symptoms include low grade fever, fatigue, a "slapped cheeks rash," and a rash over the whole body. The illness is not serious in children. Pregnant women (who have not previously had the… …   Medical dictionary

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