Raj Reddy

Raj Reddy
Raj Reddy

Born June 13, 1937 (1937-06-13) (age 74)
Katur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Fields Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
Human-Computer Interaction
Institutions Carnegie Mellon University
Stanford University
IIIT Hyderabad
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies
Alma mater College of Engineering, Guindy
University of New South Wales
Stanford University
Doctoral advisor John McCarthy
Doctoral students James K Baker[1]
Kai-Fu Lee [1]
Harry Shum
James Gosling
Notable awards Legion of Honor, France 1984
Turing Award 1994
Padma Bhushan, India 2001
Vannevar Bush Award 2006

Dabbala Rajagopal "Raj" Reddy (born June 13, 1937), a Turing Award winner, is one of the early pioneers in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence and has served on the faculty of Stanford and Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)[2] for over 40 years. He was the founding Director of the Robotics Institute at CMU. He was instrumental in helping to create Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies in India, to cater to the educational needs of the low income, gifted rural youth. He is also the Chairman of International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad. He is the first person of Asian origin to receive the ACM Turing Award, in 1994, the highest award in Computer Science, for his work in the field of artificial intelligence.

Contents

Early life

Reddy was born in Katur, Andhra Pradesh, India.[3] Reddy attended the ZP High School at Sri Kalahasti in Chittoor District. After completing an undergraduate education at Loyola College and College of Engineering, Guindy in India, he went to Australia in 1958 where he received an MTech degree in Civil Engineering from the University of New South Wales in 1960.[4] He went to the United States in 1963 and received a Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Stanford University in 1966.[4] He was the first doctoral student to graduate from the CS department at Stanford[5] under Turing Award winner and AI pioneer, John McCarthy.[6]

Career

Reddy is the Mozah Bint Nasser University Professor of Computer Science and Robotics in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. From 1960-63, Reddy worked as an Applied Science Representative for IBM in Australia.[2] He was an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Stanford from 1966-69.[5] He joined the Carnegie Mellon University faculty as an Associate Professor of Computer Science in 1969. He became a Full Professor in 1973, and a University Professor in 1984.[7]

He was the founding Director of the Robotics Institute[8] from 1979[9] to 1991[4] and the Dean of School of Computer Science from 1991 to 1999. As a Dean of SCS, he helped create the Language Technologies Institute, Human Computer Interaction Institute, Center for Automated Learning and Discovery (since renamed as Department of Machine Learning), and the Institute for Software Research. He is the Chairman of Governing Council of IIIT Hyderabad[10] and he is the Chancellor and the Chairman of the Governing Council of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, India.[11]

Reddy was a co-chair[12] of the President's Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) from 1999 to 2001.[13] He was one of the founders of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence [14] and was its President from 1987 to 1989.[15] He serves on the International Board of Governors of Peres Center for Peace in Israel.[16] He is a member of the governing councils of EMRI[17] and HMRI[18] which use technology enabled solutions to provide cost effective health care coverage to rural population in India.

Research

Reddy’s early research was conducted at the AI labs at Stanford, first as a graduate student and later as an Assistant Professor, and at CMU since 1969.[19] His AI research concentrated on perceptual and motor aspect of intelligence such as speech, language, vision and robotics. Over a span of three decades, Reddy and his colleagues created several historic demonstrations of spoken language systems, e.g. voice control of a robot,[20] large vocabulary connected speech recognition,[21][22] speaker independent speech recognition,[23] and unrestricted vocabulary dictation.[24] Reddy and his colleagues have also made seminal contributions to Task Oriented Computer Architectures,[25] Analysis of Natural Scenes,[26] Universal Access to Information,[27] and Autonomous Robotic Systems.[28] In Hearsay I, one of the first systems capable of continuous speech recognition and subsequent systems like Hearsay II, Dragon and Harpy, he and his students developed many of the ideas underlying modern commercial speech recognition technology. Some of these ideas — most notably the "blackboard model" for coordinating multiple knowledge sources — have been adopted across the spectrum of applied artificial intelligence.[29]

His other major research interest has been in exploring the role of “Technology in Service of Society”.[11][17][18][28] An early attempt in this area was the establishment, in 1981, of “Centre Mondial Informatique et Ressource Humaines” in France by Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber and a technical team of Nicholas Negroponte, Alan Kay, Seymour Pappert and Terry Winograd. Reddy served as the Chief Scientist for the center and was awarded the Legion d’Honneur by French President Francois Mitterrand in 1984.[30]

One of Reddy's current research interests is the "Universal Digital Library Project".[27] The project includes efforts to archive 1000 newspapers for the next 1000 years and provide online access to UNESCO heritage sites.[citation needed]

Awards and honors

In 1984, Reddy was awarded the French Legion of Honour for his work in developing countries of the world.[30] In 1994 he and Edward Feigenbaum received the ACM Turing Award "For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology".[29] In 2001, Reddy was awarded Padma Bhushan, an award given by the Indian Government that recognizes distinguished service of a high order to the nation.[31]

In 2004, Reddy received the Okawa Prize for pioneering researches of large scale artificial intelligence system, human-computer interaction and Internet, and outstanding contributions to information and telecommunications policy and nurture of many human resources.[32] In 2005, Reddy received the Honda Prize for his pioneering role in robotics and computer science which are expected to be used in the future society for a broad range of applications including education, medicine, healthcare, and disaster relief,[33] In 2006 he received the Vannevar Bush Award, the highest Award of National Science Foundation in United States, for his lifetime contribution to science and long-standing statesmanship in science and behalf of the nation.[34] In 2008, Reddy received the IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award, "for leadership and pioneering contributions to speech recognition, natural language understanding, and machine intelligence."[35] In 2011, Reddy was inducted into IEEE Intelligent Systems' AI's Hall of Fame for the "significant contributions to the field of AI and intelligent systems".[36][37]

Reddy is a member [4] of the United States National Academy of Engineering, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, Indian National Science Academy, and Indian National Academy of Engineering. He has been awarded honorary doctorates (Doctor Honoris Causa) from SV University, Universite Henri-Poincare, University of New South Wales,[38] Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, University of Massachusetts,[39] University of Warwick,[40] Anna University, Indian Institute for Information Technology (Allahabad), Andhra University, IIT Kharagpur[41] and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.[42]

Contributions

  • Machine Intelligence and Robotics: Report of the NASA Study Group - Executive Summary,[43] Final Report[44] Carl Sagan (chair), Raj Reddy (vice chair) and others, NASA JPL, September 1979
  • Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Presidential Address, 1988.[15]
  • To Dream the Possible Dream, Turing Award Lecture presented at ACM CS Conference, March 1, 1995[45]

References

  1. ^ a b "CMU Computer Science Ph.D. Awards by Advisor". Carnegie Mellon. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~alumni/advisor.html#R. Retrieved 3 August 2011. 
  2. ^ a b "CMU's Raj Reddy fills lives with big questions". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Monday, June 15, 1998. http://www.post-gazette.com/businessnews/19980615braj1.asp. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  3. ^ "Birth Place". Notable Names Database. http://www.nndb.com/people/348/000173826/. Retrieved 20 August 2011. 
  4. ^ a b c d "Raj Reddy". rr.cs.cmu.edu. http://www.rr.cs.cmu.edu/rrlong.html. Retrieved 24 July 2011. 
  5. ^ a b "Stanford Significant Events Timeline". Denny Brown at Stanford. http://forum.stanford.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Timeline. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  6. ^ "List of Stanford CSD Alumns". Stanford. ftp://db.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/advisees19Jul04.html. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  7. ^ "CS50: FIFTY YEARS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE". Carnegie Mellon. http://www.cs50.cs.cmu.edu/inside.php?page_id=21. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  8. ^ "History of the Robotics Institute". Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon. http://www.ri.cmu.edu/ri_static_content.html?menu_id=247. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  9. ^ "Robotics Institute Founders". Carnegie Mellon University Article Dec. 2004, Vol. 1, No. 4. http://www.carnegiemellontoday.com/article.asp?aid=157. Retrieved 20 August 2011. 
  10. ^ "Governing Council of International Institute of Information Technology". IIIT. http://www.iiit.ac.in/institute/governing_council. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  11. ^ a b "Governing Council of Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technoloiges". RGUKT. http://www.rgukt.in/adm-governance.html. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  12. ^ "Draft Minutes of PITAC". Networking and Information Technology Research and Development(NITRD). http://www.nitrd.gov/Pitac/meetings/2000/minutes/20000919.html. Retrieved 7 September 2011. 
  13. ^ "Former PITAC Members (1997-2001)". Networking and Information Technology Research and Development(NITRD). http://www.nitrd.gov/Pitac/former_members.html. Retrieved 7 September 2011. 
  14. ^ "Origins of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence". AAAI Magazine 26 (4): 5–12. http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1834/1732. 
  15. ^ a b "Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence". AAAI Magazine 9 (4): 9–21. http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/950/868. 
  16. ^ "International Board of Governors of the Peres Center for Peace". Peres Center. http://www.peres-center.org/fulllist.html. 
  17. ^ a b http://www.emri.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=49&Itemid=203
  18. ^ a b http://www.hmri.in/gov-brd.aspx
  19. ^ "CMU-Software Engineering-Faculty-Raj Reddy". Carnegie Mellon. http://mse.isri.cmu.edu/software-engineering/Faculty/reddy-raj.html. Retrieved 18 August 2011. 
  20. ^ "HearHere Video". CMU. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB4znJYTGNk. Retrieved 2 September 2011. 
  21. ^ "Hearsay Video". CMU. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McrSCrl4mUc. Retrieved 2 September 2011. 
  22. ^ "Harpy Video". CMU. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3i6NoUZsSw. Retrieved 2 September 2011. 
  23. ^ "An Overview of the Sphinx Speech Recognition System.". IEEE Trans on ASSP 38 (1): 35–44. 1990. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=45616. 
  24. ^ Introduction to Xuedong Huang, Alejandro Acero, Alex Acero, Hsiao-Wuen Hon (2001). Spoken language processing. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0130226165. http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Spoken-Language-Processing-A-Guide-to-Theory-Algorithm-and-System-Development/9780130226167.page. 
  25. ^ "Task-Oriented Architectures". Proc. of the IEEE 71 (7): 885–898. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1456953&tag=1. 
  26. ^ "Picture Segmentation Using a Recursive Region Splitting Method". Computer Graphics and Image Processing 8 (3): 313–333. 1978. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0146664X78900606. 
  27. ^ a b "Electrifying Knowledge The Story of the Universal Digital Library_Pittsburgh Quarterly_Summer 2009 by Tom Imerito". CMU. http://www.pittsburghquarterly.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=479%3Aelectrifying-knowledge&catid=70%3Aeducation&Itemid=181&showall=1. Retrieved 4 September 2011. 
  28. ^ a b "Robotics and Intelligent Systems in Support of Society". IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Systems 21 (3): 24–31. 2006. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1637347. 
  29. ^ a b "ACM Award Citation / Raj Reddy". awards.acm.org. http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=6247682&srt=all&aw=140&ao=AMTURING&yr=1994. Retrieved 25 July 2011. 
  30. ^ a b "NNDB Listing". NNDB. http://www.nndb.com/honors/139/000048992/. Retrieved 26 August 2011. 
  31. ^ "Padma Bhushan Awardees - Padma Awards". india.gov.in. http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=330. Retrieved 25 July 2011. 
  32. ^ "The Winners of the Okawa Prize". Okawa Foundation. http://www.okawa-foundation.or.jp/e/oka/oka_j/j_200401.htm. Retrieved 3 August 2011. 
  33. ^ "Honda Prize 2005". Honda Foundation. http://www.hondafoundation.jp/en/project/hondaprize/award2005.html. Retrieved 3 August 2011. 
  34. ^ "National Science Board - Honorary Awards - Vannevar Bush Award Recipients". nsf.gov. http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/awards/bush_recipients.jsp#a2006. Retrieved 24 July 2011. 
  35. ^ "Speech Pioneer to Be Honored by IEEE". Speech Technology Magazine. 21 March 2008. http://www.speechtechmag.com/Articles/News/News-Feature/Speech-Pioneer-to-Be-Honored-by-IEEE-41316.aspx. Retrieved 14 December 2009. 
  36. ^ "AI's Hall of Fame". IEEE Intelligent Systems (IEEE Computer Society) 26 (4): 5–15. 2011. doi:10.1109/MIS.2011.64. http://www.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/ComputingNow/homepage/2011/0811/rW_IS_AIsHallofFame.pdf.  edit
  37. ^ "IEEE Computer Society Magazine Honors Artificial Intelligence Leaders". DigitalJournal.com. August 24, 2011 (2011-08-24). http://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/399442. Retrieved September 18, 2011 (2011-09-18).  Press release source: PRWeb (Vocus).
  38. ^ "Honorary Degrees". University of New South Wales. http://www.unsw.edu.au/news/pad/articles/1999/sep/121honorarydegrees.html. Retrieved 7 September 2011. 
  39. ^ "Honorary Degree". University of Massachusetts. http://www.umass.edu/chronicle/archives/00/09-01/cs.html. Retrieved 7 September 2011. 
  40. ^ "Honorary Graduates and Chancellor's Medallists". University of Warwick. http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/gov/calendar/hongrads/. Retrieved 7 September 2011. 
  41. ^ "Honoris Causa Awardees". IIT-kgp. http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/top-awardees/causa.php. Retrieved 7 September 2011. 
  42. ^ "HKUST to Confer Honorary Doctorates on Eminent Academics and Leaders". Press Release. http://www.ust.hk/eng/news/press_20101104-817.html. Retrieved 7 September 2011. 
  43. ^ Machine Intelligence and Robotics_Executive Summary. Carnegie Mellon University. http://www.rr.cs.cmu.edu/NASA%20Ex%20Summary.pdf. Retrieved 7 September 2011. 
  44. ^ Machine Intelligence and Robotics: Report of the NASA Study Group. Carnegie Mellon University. http://www.rr.cs.cmu.edu/NASA%20Sagan%20Report.pdf. Retrieved 7 September 2011. 
  45. ^ To Dream the Possible Dream. CACM, May 96, 39, 5, 105-112. http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p105-reddy.pdf. Retrieved 8 September 2011. 

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