Windsor Hotel

:"For other uses of Windsor Hotel, see Windsor Hotel (disambiguation)."Infobox building
building_name = Windsor Hotel
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caption = The Windsor Hotel in 1890
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building_type = Hotel
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cost = CAD$500,000 (1878)
location = Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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start_date = 1875
completion_date = 1878, 1906 (North Annex)
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demolition_date =
destruction_date = 1957 (all but North Annex)
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main_contractor =
architect = James E. Adamson
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The Windsor Hotel ("Hôtel Windsor" in French) (opened 1878, closed 1981) in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, is often considered to be the first grand hotel constructed in Canada, and for decades billed itself as "the best in all the Dominion".

Early years

The hotel was constructed between 1875 and 1878 by a consortium of six Montreal businessmen, including William Notman. At the time Montreal was Canada's largest city, and the centre of commerce in the young country. The consortium was formed to construct an opulent new hotel to symbolize the city's growing prominence and wealth, and to serve visitors arriving at the nearby train station (which itself was replaced soon thereafter by Windsor Station). The architect for the $500,000 ten-storey building was identified as Montrealer James E. Adamson. However, Adamson's original plan was altered and the hotel was completed in the Second Empire style. [cite web |url=http://coolopolis.blogspot.com/2008/03/cypress-then-and-now-but-not-in-that.html |title=Cypress now and then, but not in that order |accessdate=2008-03-02 |last=J.D. |date=2008-03-01 |work=Coolopolis]

The opening gala in 1878 was the largest social gathering Montreal had ever seen, and was attended by Lady Dufferin (the wife of the Governor General), the Right Honourable Sir John A. Macdonald, Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lorne.

The Windsor Hotel was soon at the centre of Montreal's social and business worlds, attracting not only railway visitors, but also business leaders, politicians, socialites, artists, and even royalty. The hotel was home to both the annual St. Andrew's Society Ball and the Winter Carnival Ball, the former being a mainstay of the hotel and of Montreal's social calendar for nearly a century. Sarah Bernhardt, Mark Twain, Dolores Costello, Rudyard Kipling, Fanny Davenport and Lillie Langtry were among the Windsor's famous guests in its early years.

Expansion

In 1906, a fire destroyed almost 100 guest rooms. The fire did not adversely impact the hotel's success or reputation, but simply prompted significant renovations and the addition of a new wing, known as the North Annex. The number of rooms more than doubled, going from 368 to 750, and the hotel now occupied an entire city block. The North Annex contained the famous "Peacock Alley" (named after the peacock designs in its stained glass windows), and two additional ballrooms. The success of the hotel helped draw large commercial enterprises to this part of Montreal, including Morgan's and Ogilvy's, and contributed to the slow decline of Montreal's other grand railway hotel, the Hotel Place Viger.

Montreal's preeminent hotel

In 1917, the owners of the Montreal Canadiens, the Quebec Bulldogs, the Ottawa Senators and Montreal Wanderers met in one of the Windsor Hotel's restaurants to form the National Hockey League. Executives of both the Canadian Pacific Railway and Grand Trunk Railway kept permanent residences in the hotel, making the Windsor home to men who controlled most of Canada's transportation infrastructure and much of its economy. In his later years, Stephen Leacock spent his winters living in the Windsor Hotel. Some of Leacock's writing, and much of his correspondence, was written on hotel stationery.

During the first ever royal tour of Canada by a reigning monarch, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth stayed at the Windsor Hotel, and their arrival on May 18, 1939 attracted throngs of well-wishers to the hotel. The crowds were so large that one man died of a heart attack, many others collapsed due to heat and exhaustion, and the police found 64 children that had been separated from their parents. At a state banquet in the hotel, Montreal's francophone mayor, Camillien Houde, famously remarked in his address to the monarchs: "I thank you from the bottom of my heart for coming. And my wife thanks you from her bottom, too."

Decline

In 1957, another fire destroyed a third of the hotel. This time the damage was extensive, and the original hotel structure had to be demolished. The North Annex was all that remained of the hotel, but it did contain 200 guest rooms, two ballrooms and Peacock Alley. The Windsor Hotel continued to operate out of the North Annex for almost another 25 years, but competition from newer hotels lead to the Windsor's slow decline. In 1975, Dolores Costello returned to the hotel for her seventieth birthday party, in honour of the hotel that had been her second home decades earlier. This party was perhaps the last true glimpse of the hotel's former grandeur before the Windsor's closure in 1981.

Conversion of North Annex to office building

In 1987, the Windsor Hotel reopened as an office building called "Le Windsor". Peacock Alley and a number of marble staircases have been preserved, and the two ballrooms are still used for banquets, wedding receptions and conferences. In 2006, the building was once again renovated with a total project cost of $15 million. The office building currently houses the headquarters for Valeurs Mobilieres Desjardins, the securities and investment banking division of Desjardins Group, and Claridge, the trust management offices for the Bronfman family. Le Piment Rouge, a Chinese restaurant and bar-lounge, occupies the front façade of Le Windsor's ground floor. During Le Piment Rouge's 1988 and 1999 renovations, the restaurant restored and preserved a number of the North Annex's original architectural and design features, included ornate plaster ceilings, arched stained glass windows, and Austrian crystal chandeliers.

References

*Chisholm, Barbara, ed., "Castles of the North: Canada's Grand Hotels", Toronto: Lynx Images, 2001. (ISBN 1-894073-14-2)
*Gournay, Isabelle and Vanlaethem, France, eds., "Montreal Metropolis: 1880-1930", Montreal: Canadian Centre for Architecture, 1998. (ISBN 0-7737-5974-3)

External links

* [http://www.lewindsor.com Le Windsor]
* [http://www.pomerleau.ca/construction-contractor/realisationsDetails_ang.cfm?noSectionRealisation=2&noSousSectionRealisation=10&noRealisation=299 Restoration of the Windsor Hotel]
* [http://www.twainquotes.com/18811210.html Mark Twain's 1881 speech at the Windsor Hotel]
* [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=174196 Emporis Listing]