Fritz Kreisler

Infobox musical artist
Name = Fritz Kreisler


Background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
Born = February 2, 1875
Vienna, Austria
Died = January 29 1962 (age 86)
New York City, New York, USA
Instrument = Violin
Genre = Classical
Occupation = Composer, violinist
Years_active = 1903-1950
Notable_instruments = Violin
"Kreisler Guarnerius" 1707
"Earl of Plymouth Stradivarius" 1711
"Greville-Kreisler-Adams Stradivarius" 1726
"Kreisler Guarneri del Gesù" 1730c
"Kreisler-Nachez Guarneri del Gesù" 1732
"Huberman-Kreisler Stradivarius" 1733
"Lord Amherst of Hackney Stradivarius" 1734
"Kreisler Guarneri del Gesù" 1734
"Mary Portman Guarneri del Gesù" 1735c
"Hart-Kreisler Guarneri del Gesù" 1737
Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù 1740c
"Kreisler Bergonzi" 1740c
Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume 1860

Fritz Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austria-born American violinist and composer; one of the most famous violinists of his day. He is noted for his sweet tone and expressive phrasing. Like many great violinists of his generation, he produced a characteristic sound, which was immediately recognizable as his own. Although he was a violinist of the Franco-Belgian school, his style is nonetheless reminiscent of the "gemütlich" (cozy) lifestyle of pre-war Vienna.

Biography

Kreisler was born in Vienna to a Jewish father and a Roman Catholic mother; he was baptised at age twelve. He studied at the Vienna Conservatory and in Paris, where his teachers included Anton Bruckner, Léo Delibes, Jakob Dont, Joseph Hellmesberger, Jr., Joseph Massart, and Jules Massenet. He made his United States debut at Steinway Hall in New York City on November 10, 1888, and his first tour of the United States in 1888/1889 with Moriz Rosenthal, then returned to Austria and applied for a position in the Vienna Philharmonic. He was turned down by the concertmaster Arnold Rosé. Hearing a recording of the Rosé Quartet it is easy to hear why - Rosé was sparing in his use of vibrato, and Kreisler would not have blended successfully with the orchestra's violin section.Fact|date=July 2008 As a result, he left music to study medicine. He spent a brief time in the army before returning to the violin in 1899, giving a concert with the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Arthur Nikisch. It was this concert and a series of American tours from 1901 to 1903 that brought him real acclaim.

In 1910, Kreisler gave the premiere of Edward Elgar's "Violin Concerto", a work dedicated to him. He briefly served in the Austrian Army in World War I before being honourably discharged after he was wounded. He spent the remaining years of the war in America. He returned to Europe in 1924, living first in Berlin, then moving to France in 1938. Shortly thereafter, at the outbreak of World War II, he settled once again in the United States, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1943. He lived in that country for the rest of his life. He gave his last public concert in 1947 and broadcast performances for a few years after that. Towards the end of his life, he was in an automobile accident and spent his last days blind and deaf from that accident, but he "radiated a gentleness and refinement not unlike his music," according to Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen who visited him frequently during that time (Kreisler and his wife were converts to Catholicism). He died in New York City in 1962.

Kreisler wrote a number of pieces for the violin, including solos for encores, such as "Liebesleid" and "Liebesfreud". Some of Kreisler's compositions were pastiches in an ostensible style of other composers, originally ascribed to earlier composers such as Gaetano Pugnani, Giuseppe Tartini, Jacques Marnier Companie, and Antonio Vivaldi. When Kreisler revealed in 1935 that they were actually by him and critics complained, Kreisler answered that critics had already deemed the compositions worthy: "The name changes, the value remains" he said. He also wrote operettas including "Apple Blossoms" in 1919 and "Sissy" in 1932, a string quartet and cadenzas, including ones for the "Brahms D major violin concerto", the Paganini "D major violin concerto", and the Beethoven "D major violin concerto". His cadenza for the Beethoven concerto is the one most often employed by violinists today.

He performed and recorded his own version of the Paganini D major violin concerto-first movement. This version is rescored and in some places reharmonised. The orchestral introduction is completely rewritten in some places. The overall effect is of a late nineteenth century work.

Kreisler owned several antique violins by luthiers Antonio Stradivari, Pietro Guarneri, Giuseppe Guarneri, and Carlo Bergonzi, most of which eventually came to bear his name.He also owned a Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume violin of 1860, which he often used as his second fiddle [ [http://www.maestronet.com/m_library/world_strings/fall80.pdf Second Fiddle by Philip Kass] ] , and which he often loaned to the young prodigy Josef Hassid.

Kreisler's personal style of playing on record bears a resemblance to Mischa Elman with a tendency towards expansive tempi, a continuous and varied vibrato, remarkably expressive phrasing, and a melodic approach to passage work. Kreisler employs considerable use of "portamento" and "rubato". However considerable performance contrasts exist between Kreisler and Mischa Elman on the shared standard repertoire with the concerto of Felix Mendelssohn serving as one example.

Work

Compositions

: See: "List of compositions by Fritz Kreisler"

Recordings

Kreisler's work has been reasonably well represented on both LP and CD reissues. Original masters were made on RCA Victor and HMV. His final recordings were made in 1950. As usual with remasterings of 78rpm original, the sound quality varies widely - worn sources, excessive signal processing are common. Recent British EMI re-releases are generally pleasant sounding. The RCA/Victor reissues on LP suffer from aggressive low pass filtering of otherwise exceptional source material. Angel/EMI reissues on LP (Great Recordings of the Century series) are quite muddy. The 4CD album currently available as Membran Q222141-444 features a cross section of his repertoire, but has audio compromised by extremely invasive DSP.

*Bach Concerto for Two Violins in D minor, BWV 1043. w/ Efrem Zimbalist (vn #2), and a string quartet. rec. 1915.
*Beethoven Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 61 w/ Leo Blech, Berlin Opera Orchestra. rec 1926.
*Beethoven Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 61 w/ John Barbirolli, London Symphony Orchestra. rec 1936.
*Beethoven Sonata # 8 in G major, Op. 30, No. 3 w/ Sergei Rachmaninoff, pF. rec. 1928.
*Beethoven Sonata # 9 in A major, Op. 47 w/ Franz Rupp, pF. rec 1936.
*Brahms Violin Concerto in D major, op. 77 w/ John Barbirolli, London Symphony Orchestra, rec. 1936.
*Grieg Sonata # 3 in C minor, Op. 45 w/ Sergei Rachmaninoff, pF. rec 1928.
*Mendelssohn Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64 w/ Leo Blech, Berlin Opera Orchestra. rec 1926.
*Mendelssohn Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64 w/ Landon Ronald, London Symphony Orch. rec. 1934?
*Mozart Violin Concerto in D Major, K. 218 w/ Landon Ronald, London Symphony Orch, rec. 1924.
*Paganini Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 6 (recomposed by Kreisler) w/ Eugene Ormandy, Philadelphia Orch, rec 1936.
*Schubert Sonata # 5 in A Major, D. 574. w/ Sergei Rachmaninoff, pF. rec 1928.
*attrib. Vivaldi RV Anh. 62 (composed by Kreisler) Violin Concerto in C Major w/ Donald Voorhees, RCA Victor Orchestra, rec. 1945.

Broadway

*"Apple Blossoms" (1919) - operetta - co-composer
*"Continental Varieties" (1934) - revue - featured composer for "Caprice Viennois" and "La Gitana"
*"Reunion in New York" (1940) - revue - featured composer for "Stars in Your Eyes"
*"Rhapsody" (1944) - musical - composer

References

* [http://www.maestronet.com/m_library/world_strings/fall80.pdf Second Fiddle by Philip Kass]
*cite book | last=Kreisler | first=Fritz | title=Four Weeks in the Trenches | url=http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/memoir/Kreisler/Kreisler.htm | location=Boston, New York | publisher=Houghton Mifflin | year=1915 | oclc=1161448

External links

*
*
*
* [http://hdl.handle.net/1802/5482 An assembled edition of original pieces and arrangements for violin and piano] by Fritz Kreisler. From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection