Capeline

Capeline

Capeline (derived from the French word for hat) is the name given to two distinct types of post-Renaissance helmet

Equipment of the harquebusier including a capeline helmet
Capeline helmet
Turkish chichak helmets (16th century), ancestral to the later capeline. The cheekpieces are missing on these specimens (Topkapi Museum Istanbul).
Lobster pots were also part of the armor of the Polish Hussar

The first was a steel skullcap (known as a "secrete" when worn under a hat) usually worn by archers that continued to be worn into the 17th century by musketeers and horsemen who wished to wear fashionable broad-brimmed hats but also retain some level of protection for the head.[1] It was also worn by civilians under their regular hats, including the judges at Charles I's trial. The prosecutor John Bradshaw feared assassination so had a special metal hat made to protect him.[2]

Contents

Cavalry helmet

The better-known Capeline is the cavalry helmet seen in the English Civil War, commonly known as a lobster tail pot.[3] This was worn along with the buff coat, gauntlets and breastplate[4] by Oliver Cromwell's Ironside cavalry. Another famous unit to use it was the London lobsters; unusual for the time they had armor that covered most of the body.[5]

The lobster-tailed pot had articulated cheek-pieces; a fixed forward projecting peak that included a sliding nasal bar[6], or, alternatively, a hinged peak with three attached bars to protect the trooper's face from sword cuts; and an articulated "tail" protecting the back of the head and neck that was said to resemble that of a lobster.[7] Another common name for it was the "harquebusier's pot", the harquebusier being the most common type of cavalry in Western Europe during the 17th century.[8]

The helmet had an oriental origin, being derived from the Ottoman Turkish 'chichak' (Turkish - çiçak) helmet. It was adopted by the Christian states of Europe in the early 17th century.[9][10] It saw widespread use during the Thirty Years War when it became known as the zischagge, a Germanisation of the original Turkish name.[11] Many of these European-made capelines were later imported during the English Civil War. Sometimes older helmets like the burgeonet or sallet were modified to resemble the lobster pot although these were less effective in the field.[12]

Similar helmets were worn in the late 17th century by Polish winged hussars and Prussian cavalry, including Fredrick William's forces at the Battle of Fehrbellin (1672).[13] The latter had a decorative fluted design and were painted black to prevent rust.[14]

External links

Notes

References

  • Robinson, H.R., (2002) Oriental Armour, Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0486418189

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • capeline — [ kaplin ] n. f. • 1512; « armure de tête » XIVe; anc. provenç. capelina « chapeau de fer » 1 ♦ Vx Coiffure féminine tombant sur les épaules. ⇒ coiffe. 2 ♦ Chapeau de femme à très larges bords souples. ● capeline nom féminin (ancien provençal… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • capeline — est le diminutif de capele, que signifie un capel, que nous disons maintenant chapeau, et en cette sorte capeline est un petit chapeau de ronde et basse testiere et aile estroite, ainsi a dit Ronsard, la Capeline de Mercure, Pro Petaso Mercurij,… …   Thresor de la langue françoyse

  • Capeline — Ca pe*line , n. [F., fr. LL. capella. See {Chapel}.] (Med.) A hood shaped bandage for the head, the shoulder, or the stump of an amputated limb. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Capelīne — (fr., spr. Kap lin), 1) Hütchen, Mütze, Sonnenhut; 2) Helmdecke; 3) (Chir.), so v.w. Hippokratische Mütze; 4) mützenartiger Verband für einen Amputationsstumpf …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Capeline — (frz. Caplihn), Helmdecke; Federstrauß, Sonnenhut …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • capeline — CAPELINE. s. f. Espèce de chapeau dont les femmes se servent contre le soleil …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798

  • capeline — (ka pe li n ) s. f. 1°   Chapeau orné de plumes et d aigrettes que les femmes portaient en habit de chasse. •   Elles firent partie d aller à la chasse en habit de campagne avec des capelines, SCARRON Précaution inutile, dans RICHELET. •   Là les …   Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré

  • capeline — I. Capeline. s. f. Espece de chapeau dont les femmes se servent contre le soleil. Il se prend aussi, Pour une coëffure & ornement de teste que les femmes portent. Une capeline de plumes. II. Capeline. s. f. Espece de bonnet garni de plumes, que… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française

  • capeline — ˈkapəˌlēn, lə̇n noun ( s) Etymology: Middle English capleyne, from Middle French capeline, from Old Provençal capelina, from capa cloak, from Late Latin cappa head covering, cloak more at cap 1. : a small skullcap of steel or iron worn by foot… …   Useful english dictionary

  • CAPELINE — s. f. Espèce de chapeau dont les femmes se servaient contre le soleil …   Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 7eme edition (1835)

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