The Bonnie Lass o' Fyvie

The Bonnie Lass o' Fyvie (Roud # 545) is a Scottish folk song about a thwarted romance between a soldier and a girl. Like many folk songs, the authorship is unattributed, there is no strict version of the lyrics, and it is often referred to by its opening line There once was a troop o' Irish dragoons. The song is also known by a variety of other names, the most common of them being Peggy-O.

Lyrics

Of the many versions, one of the most intricate is:

There once was a troop o' Irish dragoons
Cam marching doon through Fyvie-o
And the captain's fa'en in love wi' a very bonnie lass
And her name it was cad pretty Peggy-o

There's many a bonnie lass in the Howe o Auchterless
There's many a bonnie lass in the Garioch
There's many a bonnie Jean in the streets of Aiberdeen
But the floower o' them aw lies in Fyvie-o

O come doon the stairs, Pretty Peggy, my dear
Come doon the stairs, Pretty Peggy-o
Come doon the stairs, comb back your yellow hair
Bid a last farewell to your mammy-o

It's braw, aye it's braw, a captain's lady for to be
And it's braw to be a captain's lady-o
It's braw to ride around and to follow the camp
And to ride when your captain he is ready-o

O I'll give you ribbons, love, and I'll give you rings
I'll give you a necklace of amber-o
I'll give you a silken petticoat with flounces to the knee
If you'll convey me doon to your chamber-o

What would your mother think if she heard the guineas clink
And saw the haut-boys marching all before you o
O little would she think gin she heard the guineas clink
If I followed a soldier laddie-o

I never did intend a soldier's lady for to be
A soldier shall never enjoy me-o
I never did intend to gae tae a foreign land
And I never will marry a soldier-o

I'll drink nae more o your claret wine
I'll drink nae more o your glasses-o
Tomorrow is the day when we maun ride away
So farewell tae your Fyvie lasses-o

The colonel he cried, mount, boys, mount, boys, mount
The captain, he cried, tarry-o
O tarry yet a while, just another day or twa
Til I see if the bonnie lass will marry-o

Twas in the early morning, when we marched awa
And O but the captain he was sorry-o
The drums they did beat o'er the bonnie braes o' Gight
And the band played the bonnie lass of Fyvie-o

Long ere we came to the Howe of Auchterless
We had our captain to carry-o
And long ere we won into the streets of Aberdeen
We had our captain to bury-o

Green grow the birks on bonnie Ythanside
And low lie the lowlands of Fyvie-o
The captain's name was Ned and he died for a maid
He died for the bonnie lass of Fyvie-o

Meaning

The song is about the unrequited love of a captain of Irish dragoons for a beautiful Scottish girl in Fyvie. The narration is in the third person, through the voice of one of the captain's soldiers. The captain promises the girl material comfort and happiness, but the girl refuses the captain's advances saying she would not marry a foreigner or a soldier. The captain subsequently leaves Fyvie. In two different variations of the song, he threatens to burn the town(s) if his offer is rejected, or alternately save the town if his offer is accepted. He later dies of a broken heart, or battle wounds, or probably both.

Several variations on this theme exist. The soldier also proposes marriage in some versions. Some versions have the girl declare her love for the soldier, but only to be stopped short by a reluctant mother.

You're the one that I adore, Sweet Willy-o,
You're the one that I adore, Sweet Willy-o,
But your fortune is too low,
And I fear my mother would be angry-o.

Geographical and historical allusions

It is just possible that the song refers to the time of capture of the Fyvie Castle by Montrose's Royalist army in 1644. (A large part of this army was Irish, but they were not dragoons.) [Harv|Cheyne|2002] However, it is probably better not to read strong historical associations into the song. The song is set in Fyvie, a small town with a historic castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Some sources claim that the original song suggests the region of Fife (as the Fair Maid of Fife), but the references to the River Ythan, Aberdeen and other locations near Fyvie like Gight, confirm that the original song was set in Fyvie, Scotland.

Variants across time and space

The oldest known version of the Scottish ballad is called "The Bonnie Lass O' Fyvie" [Harv|Greig|1907 - 1911] . Another early transcribed version is given under the title Bonnie Barbara-O [Harv|Ford|1904] . An early English version Handsome Polly-O is also present, though in slightly different settings. Another English version is called Pretty Peggy of Derby. The song probably travelled with Scottish immigrants to America [Harv|Scott|1983] . It is recorded in the classic English Folk Songs From the Southern Appalachians by Cecil Sharp [Harv|Campbell|Sharp|1917] . Variants of the song refer to the War of 1812 and the American Civil War. A Dixie version of the song makes the final resting place of the captain to be Louisiana.

The last two stanzas from the Bob Dylan version is typical of such Americanized forms, and goes as follows:
The lieutenant he has gone
The lieutenant he has gone
The lieutenant he has gone, Pretty Peggy-O
The lieutenant he has gone
Long gone
He's a-riding down in Texas with the rodeo.

Well, our captain he is dead
Our captain he is dead
Our captain he is dead, Pretty Peggy-O
Well, our captain he is dead
Died for a maid
He's buried somewheres in Louisiana-O.

Over time, the name of Fyvie also got corrupted, and often nonsense words like "Fennario", "Fernario", "Finario", "Fidio", "Ivory" or "Ireo" were placed in its stead to fit the metre and rhyme [Harv|Ford|1904] . As a result, the song is commonly referred to as Fennario. The 1960s folk music movement saw "Peggy-O" become a common song in many concerts owing to its clear melody and lilting rhyme.

Linguistics

The song was originally composed and sung in Scots. It then made its way into mainstream English, but retains its Scottish flavour. Words like "birk" (for birch), "lass" and "bonnie" are typically Scots as are words like "brae" (hill) and "braw" (splendid). As is typical of such cases, quite a few of the less familiar words degenerated into nonsense words (true of oral mediums like the Chinese whisper) as the song travelled over cultures, the most interesting ones probably being "Ethanside" for "Ythanside" (banks of the River Ythan), and "brasselgeicht" for "braes o' Gight" (hills of Gight).

Famous renditions

The earliest version to be recorded was by John Strachan in 1951. The Southern American version of the song was famously arranged for the harmonica by Bob Dylan on his eponymous debut album in 1962, under the title "Pretty Peggy-O". He started off the song with the introduction "I've been around this whole country but I never yet found Fennario". Joan Baez recorded a lyrical version under the title "Fennario" on her 1963 Vanguard Records album Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2.

The Corries recorded a version on their first album in 1965. Simon and Garfunkel also recorded a heavily harmonized arrangement of the song titled "Peggy-O" as part of their mostly traditional Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M. album of 1964 and Columbia Records studio recordings of the 1960s (which was released on the box set The Columbia Studio Recordings (1964-1970) in 2001). Simon and Garfunkel sing the variant of the song where the captain threatens to burn the city down if his advances are refused. The Chad Mitchell Trio recorded a variant on their 1963 album "Singin' Our Minds" under the title, "Bonny Streets of Fyve-io". The Aberdeen-based group, Old Blind Dogs covered the song on their New Tricks album in 1992. Also, Peggy-O is covered by the bluegrassy band Trampled By Turtles, such as at their 10,000 Lakes Festival performance in 2006.

Jefferson Starship recorded a version of "Frenario" for the 2008 album Jefferson's Tree of Liberty.

Malinky included "The Bonnie Lass Of Fyvie" on their 2000 album "Last Leaves.

The Grateful Dead have variously arranged and sung this song on 265 known occasions between 1973 and 1995, using Fen-nar-io and Fi-dio as the name of the place depending on metre constraints. The song was titled "Peggy-O", and noted renditions include:

*Charlotte Coliseum, Charlotte, North Carolina - December 10, 1973
*Philadelphia Civic Centre, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - August 4, 1974
*Capital Centre, Landover, Maryland - September 25, 1976
*The Palladium, New York City, New York - April 30, 1977
*Buffalo War Memorial, Buffalo, New York - May 9, 1977
*Fox Theatre, Atlanta, Georgia - May 19, 1977
*Raceway Park, Englishtown, New Jersey - September 3, 1977
*Veteran's Memorial Coliseum, New Haven, Connecticut - May 10, 1978
*Nassau Coliseum, Uniondale, New York - May 15, 1980

Peggy-o was usually sung by Jerry Garcia using the following lyrics:

As we rode out to Fennario
As we rode out to Fennario
Our captain fell in love with a lady like a dove
And he called her by name pretty Peggy-O

Will you marry me, pretty Peggy-O
Will you marry me, pretty Peggy-O
If you will marry me, I will set your cities free
And free all the ladies in the area-O

I would marry you, sweet William-O
I would marry you, sweet William-O
I would marry you, but your guineas are too few
And I feel my mama would be angry-O

What would your mama think, pretty Peggy-O
What would your mama think, pretty Peggy-O
What would your mama think if she heard my guineas clink
And saw me marching at the head of my soldiers-O

If ever I return, pretty Peggy-O
If ever I return, pretty Peggy-O
If ever I return, your cities I will burn
Destroy all the ladies in the area-O

Come stepping down the stairs, pretty Peggy-O
Come stepping down the stairs, pretty Peggy-O
Come stepping down the stairs, combing back your yellow hair
And bid a last farewell to your William-O

Sweet William he is dead, pretty Peggy-O
Sweet William he is dead, pretty Peggy-O
Sweet William he is dead, and he died for a maid
And he's buried in the Louisiana country-O

As we rode out to Fennario
As we rode out to Fennario
Our captain fell in love with a lady like a dove
And he called her by name pretty Peggy-O

Notes

References

Books

# Harvard reference
Surname1=Ford
Given1=Robert (edited and annotated)
Year=1904
Title=Vagabond Songs and Ballads of Scotland, pp. 122
Place=London
Publisher=Paisley
ID=ISBN B0000CVV48
# Harvard reference
Surname1=Campbell
Given1=Olive Dame
Surname2=Sharp
Given2=Cecil J.
Year=1917
Title=English Folk Songs From the Southern Appalachians
Publisher=GP
Place= New York
ID=ISBN 0-19-313113-7
# Harvard reference
Surname1=Scott
Given1=John Anthony
Year=1983
Title=The Ballad of America, pp. 20
Publisher=Carbondale and Edwardsville: University of Illinois Press
ID=ISBN 0-8093-1061-9

NB: ISBN s may not point to the referenced editions

Periodicals and magazines

# Harvard reference
Surname=Greig
Given=Gavin
Year=1907 - 1911
Title=Folk-Songs of the North-East
Journal=Buchan Observer, Scotland
# Harvard reference
Surname=Cheyne
Given=Sandy
Year=2002
Issue=September 2002
Title=Lucky escape for Fyvie's bonnie lass
Journal=Leopard Magazine, Scotland
URL=http://www.leopardmag.co.uk/feats/31/lucky-escape-for-fyvies-bonnie-lass
Access-date=February 19, 2006

Web

# cite web
title=Folk Songs and Allusions to Folk Songs in the Repertoire of the Grateful Dead
work=Josephine A. McQuail
url=http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Scholarly/McQuail_Dead_01.html
accessdate=February 19
accessyear=2006
# cite web
title=Grateful Dead Family Discography
work=www.deaddisc.com
url=http://www.deaddisc.com/songs/Peggy-O.htm
accessdate=February 20
accessyear=2006
# cite web
title=Lyrics for The Bonnie Lass o' Fyvie
work=The Mudcat Cafe
url=http://www.mudcat.org/@displaysong.cfm?SongID=820
accessdate=February 20
accessyear=2006
# cite web
title=Annotations for The Bonnie Lass o' Fyvie
work=The Mudcat Cafe
url=http://www.mudcat.org/@displaysong.cfm?SongID=4279
accessdate=February 20
accessyear=2006
# cite web
title=Sheet music, MP3s and lyrics for The Bonnie Lass o' Fyvie
work=www.chivalry.com
url=http://www.chivalry.com/cantaria/lyrics/maid-fyvie.html
accessdate=February 21
accessyear=2006