Nuclear power in Russia

Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant.

In 2010 total electricity generated in nuclear power plants in Russia was 170.1 TWh, 16% of all power generation. The installed capacity of Russian nuclear reactors stood at 21,244 MW.

The Russian energy strategy of 2003 set a policy priority for reduction in natural gas based power supply, aiming to achieve this through a doubling of nuclear power generation by 2020. In 2006 the Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom) announced targets for future nuclear power generation; providing 23% of electricity needs by 2020 and 25% by 2030.[1]

Russia has made plans to increase the number of reactors in operation from 31 to 59. Old reactors will be maintained and upgraded, including RBMK units similar to the reactors at Chernobyl. China and Russia agreed on further cooperation in the construction of nuclear power stations in October 2005.

In accord with legislation passed in 2001, all Russian civil reactors are operated by Energoatom. More recently in 2007 Russian Parliament adopted the law "On the peculiarities of the management and disposition of the property and shares of organizations using nuclear energy and on relevant changes to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation", which created Atomenergoprom - a holding company for all Russian civil nuclear industry, including Energoatom, nuclear fuel producer and supplier TVEL, uranium trader Tekhsnabexport (Tenex) and nuclear facilities constructor Atomstroyexport.

Through membership in the ITER project, Russia is participating in the design of nuclear fusion reactors.

The Russian government plans to allocate 127 billion rubles ($5.42 billion) to a federal program dedicated to the next generation of nuclear energy technology. About 1 trillion rubles ($42.7 billion) is to be allocated from the federal budget to nuclear power and industry development before 2015.^[1]

The Russian nuclear industry employs around 200,000 people.^[2]

Nuclear power reactors

Main article: List_of_power_stations_in_Russia#Nuclear

Reactors in operation

Balakovo

Beloyarsk

Bilibino

Kalinin

Kola

Kursk

Leningrad

Novovoronezh/Novovoronezh II

Rostov

Smolensk

Obninsk

Nuclear power plants in Russia (view)
 Active plants
 Closed plants

Eleven of Russia's reactors are of the RBMK 1000 type, similar to the one at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Some of these RBMK reactors were originally to be shut down but have instead been given life extensions and uprated in output by about 5%. New safety systems have been added after the Chernobyl incident. The most dominant reactor line is the VVER.

Name	Location	Type	Capacity, MWe	Operational	Notes
Obninskaya	Obninsk	AM-1	5	1954–2002	world's first nuclear power plant
Sibirskaya	Seversk	EI-2	100	1958–1990
		ADE-3		1961–1992
		ADE-4		1963–2008
		ADE-5		1965–2008
Beloyarskaya	Zarechny	AMB-100	100	1964–1981
		AMB-200	200	1967–1989
		BN-600	600	1980–
		BN-800	800	under construction
Novovoronezhskaya	Novovoronezh	VVER	210	1964–1984
		VVER	365	1969–1990
		VVER	417	1971–
		VVER	417	1972–
		VVER	1000	1980–
Novovoronezhskaya II	Novovoronezh	VVER	1170	under construction
Dimitrovgradskaya	Dimitrovgrad	BOR-60	12	1968–
Leningradskaya	Sosnovy Bor	RBMK	1000	1973–
		RBMK	1000	1975–
		RBMK	1000	1979–
		RBMK	1000	1981–
Kolskaya	Polyarnye Zori	VVER	440	1973–
		VVER	440	1974–
		VVER	440	1981–
		VVER	440	1984–
Bilibinskaya	Bilibino	EGP	12	1974–	combined heat and power production
		EGP	12	1974–
		EGP	12	1975–
		EGP	12	1976–
Kurskaya	Kurchatov	RBMK	1000	1976–
		RBMK	1000	1979–
		RBMK	1000	1983–
		RBMK	1000	1985–
Smolenskaya	Desnogorsk	RBMK	1000	1982–
		RBMK	1000	1985–
		RBMK	1000	1990–
Kalininskaya	Udomlya	VVER	1000	1984–
		VVER	1000	1986–
		VVER	1000	2004–
		VVER	1000	under construction
Balakovskaya	Balakovo	VVER	1000	1985–
		VVER	1000	1987–
		VVER	1000	1988–
		VVER	1000	1993–
Volgodonskaya	Volgodonsk	VVER	1000	2001–
		VVER	1000	2009-

Nuclear power reactors under construction

Reactor	Type	MWe net, each	Will be commercially operational
Volgodonsk-3	VVER-1000	950	2014
Kalinin-4	VVER-1000	950	2011
Beloyarsk-4	FBR (BN-800)	750	2012
Novovoronezh II-1	VVER-1200/V491 (AES-2006)	1085	2012
Leningrad II-1 & II-2	VVER-1200	1100/1200	2012, 2013
Baltiiskaya 1	VVER-1200	1200	2015
Total: 6		5225 MWe

Proposed new reactors

Plans for proposed reactors may have been superseded, suspended or cancelled. This is particularly the case for new capacity.

Reactor	Type	MWe net, each	Start-up
Replacement capacity
Novovoronezh NPP-II 2	VVER-1000	950	2016
Kursk NPP-2 1&2	VVER-1200	1150	2016, 2019
Balakovo 5&6	VVER-1200	950	?
New capacity
Baltiiskaya 2	VVER-1200	1150	2020
Seversk NPP 1&2	VVER-1200	1150	2015, 2017
Central (Kostroma) 1&2	VVER-1200	1170	?
South Ural 1, 2	VVER-1200	1170	2016, 2019
Bashkira 1	VVER-1200	950	2012
North-west 1	VK-300	300	2011
Smolensk 4	VVER-1000	950	2012
North-west 2	VK-300	300	2013
Kola 2	?	440-640	2013
Bashkira 2	VVER-1000	950	2014
Volgodonsk 4	VVER-1000	950	2016
Tatar 1	VVER-1000	950	2016
Smolensk NPP-2 1&2	VVER-1000	950	2017, 2019
Tatar 2	VVER-1000	950	2018
Novovoronezh 7	VVER-1000	950	2016
Bashkira 3&4	VVER-1500	1500	2018, 2020
Leningrad NPP-2, 3-6	VVER-1500	1500	to 2021
Tatar 3	VVER-1500	1500	2020
Beloyarsk 5	BREST	300	2020
Kursk 6	VVER-1000?	?	?

Safety

Russia, responding to the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, will perform a 'stress test' on all its reactors "to judge their ability to withstand earthquakes more powerful than the original design anticipated".^[3]

See also

• Energy policy of Russia
• Rosatom
• Nuclear energy policy

References

1. ^ RIA Novosti
2. ^ "Nuclear rethink urged". The Moscow News. 2011-03-21. http://themoscownews.com/bizfeature/20110321/188510794.html. 
3. ^ Matthew L. Wald (March 24, 2011). "Russia Plans to Test Reactors For Ability to Survive Quakes". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/25/world/europe/25nuclear.html. 

External links

• Time.com
• Mosnews.com
• The Moscow Times
• World Nuclear Association: Nuclear Power in Russia
• Greennature.com
• Cia.gov
• Bellona.no
• World-nuclear.org