Claude Thornhill

This article is about the musician and bandleader. For the college football coach, see Claude E. Thornhill.

Claude Thornhill
Claude Thornill, ca. 1947. Photography by William P. Gottlieb
Background information
Birth name	Claude Thornhill
Born	August 10, 1908
Origin	Terre Haute, Indiana, USA
Died	Friday, July 2, 1965
Genres	Jazz Cool jazz
Occupations	Pianist, Bandleader, Arranger, Composer
Instruments	Piano
Years active	1924–1965
Associated acts	Paul Whiteman Benny Goodman Ray Noble Billie Holiday Lee Konitz Gil Evans Gerry Mulligan

Claude Thornhill (10 August 1908^[1] at Terre Haute, Indiana – 1 July 1965, New Jersey) was an American pianist, arranger, composer, and bandleader. He composed the jazz and pop standards "Snowfall" and "I Wish I Had You", which was recorded by Billie Holiday.

Career

As a youth, he was recognized as an extraordinary talent and formed a traveling duo with Danny Polo, a musical prodigy on the clarinet and trumpet from nearby Clinton, Indiana. As a student at Garfield High School in Terre Haute, he played with several theater bands.

Thornhill entered the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music at age 16. That same year he and clarinetist Artie Shaw started their careers at the Golden Pheasant in Cleveland, Ohio with the Austin Wiley Orchestra. Thornhill and Shaw went to New York together in 1931.

Claude went to the West Coast in the late 1930s with the Bob Hope Radio Show, and arranged for Judy Garland in Babes in Arms.

In 1935, he played on sessions for Glenn Miller's first recordings under his own name, as Glenn Miller and His Orchestra. He played on Glenn Miller's composition "Solo Hop," which was released on Columbia Records.

After playing for Paul Whiteman, Benny Goodman, Ray Noble, Glenn Miller, and Billie Holiday, and arranging "Loch Lomond" and "Annie Laurie" for Maxine Sullivan, in 1939 he founded his Claude Thornhill Orchestra. Danny Polo was his lead clarinet player. Although the Thornhill band was originally a sophisticated dance band, it became known for its many superior jazz musicians and for Thornhill's and Gil Evans' innovative arrangements; its "Portrait of a Guinea Farm" has become a classic jazz recording.

The band played without vibrato so that the timbres of the instruments could be better appreciated, and Thornhill encouraged the musicians to develop cool-sounding tones. The band was popular with both musicians and the public; the Miles Davis Nonet was modeled in part on Thornhill's cool sound and use of unconventional instrumentation. The band's most successful records were "Snowfall," "A Sunday Kind of Love" and "Love for Love."

His most famous recording, "Snowfall," was released in 1941 as Columbia 36268. He released the song also as a V-Disc recording, as V-Disc 271A1.

Playing at the Paramount Theater in New York for $10,000 a week in 1942, Thornhill dropped everything to enlist in the Navy to support the War Effort. As Chief Musician, he played a show all over the Pacific Theater with Jackie Cooper as his drummer and Dennis Day as his vocalist.

In 1946, he was discharged from the Navy. Then in April, he reformed his ensemble. He kept his same stylistic lines, but added some Bop lines to it. He got his old members of Danny Polo, Gerry Mulligan, and Barry Galbraith back together, but also added new members like Red Rodney, Lee Konitz, Joe Shulman and Bill Barber. Barber was a tuba player, who was considered as a "soft brass" player rather than a bass as to not interfere with (Joe) Shulman on the bass. Their creative and immaculately clean and delicate interpretation of Evans’s arrangement of Dizzy Gillespie’s fast bop theme "Anthropology" (1947) provides a particularly noteworthy example of Thornhill’s style, which influenced Miles Davis’s recordings in 1949 for Capitol and many musicians who followed .^[2]

In the mid 1950s, Thornhill became Tony Bennett's musical director briefly.

He offered his big band library to Gerry Mulligan when Gerry formed the Concert Jazz Band, but Gerry regretfully declined the gift, since his instrumentation was different. A large portion of his extensive library of music is currently held by Drury University in Springfield, Missouri.

After his discharge from the Navy he continued to perform with his orchestra until his death of a heart attack at 1:30 a.m., July 2, 1965, at his home in Caldwell, New Jersey.^[3] Claude was booked at the Steel Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey, at the time, the engagement was kept in his honor with his music director in his place. He was survived by his wife, actress Ruth Thornhill, and his mother, Maude Thornhill (81 at the time), of Terre Haute, Indiana, still active at the time conducting choirs.

Compositions by Claude Thornhill

Claude Thornhill's compositions included the standard "Snowfall", "I Wish I Had You", recorded by Billie Holiday and Fats Waller, "Let's Go", "Shore Road", "Portrait Of A Guinea Farm", "Lodge Podge", "Rustle Of Spring", "It's Time For Us To Part", "It Was A Lover And His Lass", "The Little Red Man", "Memory Of An Island", and "Where Has My Little Dog Gone?"

Claude Thornill Orchestra, with Joe Shulman, Danny Polo, Lee Konitz, Louis Mucci, Barry Galbraith, Bill Barber, ca. 1947.
Photography by William P. Gottlieb.

Cover versions of "Snowfall"

The 1941 Claude Thornhill piano composition "Snowfall" has been recorded and performed by the following artists:

• Henry Mancini
• Tony Bennett
• BBC Big Band
• Chris Connor
• Wes Montgomery
• Kenny Poole and Gene Bertoncini
• Helen Merrill
• Avalanches
• Richie Cole with Hank Crawford
• Eddie South
• Glenn Miller and His Orchestra
• Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra
• Enoch Light and the Light Brigade
• Esquivel
• Billy Vaughn
• George Shearing
• John Williams and the Boston Pops
• Skitch Henderson and Bucky Pizzarelli
• Ramsey Lewis Trio
• Michael Fortunato
• Paul McKee
• Dick Hyman
• Four Freshmen
• Eddie Davis
• Ted Heath
• Mike Horsfall
• Paul Plimley
• Emily Remler
• Steve Hall
• Manhattan Transfer
• Cafe Accordion Orchestra
• Howard Alden and Bucky Pizzarelli
• Ahmad Jamal
• Liz Story

Honors

In 1984, Claude Thornhill was inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame.

References

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ "Thornhill, Claude". The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. 2010-02-10. 
3. ^ Staff. "Claude Thornhill Is Dead at 56; Pianist Led Band in 'Swing Era; Arranger for Judy Garland Films Set Up Group. in '39 -- Won 2 Billboard Polls", The New York Times, July 2, 1965. Accessed July 3, 2011. "CALDWELL, N. J., July 1 - Claude Thornhill, whose big band was one of the most popular in the swing era, died today at his home here after having suffered two heart attacks. He was 56 years old."

External links

• Claude Thornhill at Allmusic
• Christopher Popa, The Sound Hung Like a Cloud, bigbandlibrary.com www.bigbandlibrary.com/claudethornhill.html
• Claude Thornhill: Godfather of Cool
• "Claude Thornhill," SOLID! The encyclopedia of big band, lounge, classic jazz and space-age sounds

Persondata
Name	Thornhill, Claude
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	August 10, 1908
Place of birth
Date of death	July 2, 1965
Place of death