Boulby

Infobox UK place
country = England
latitude = 54.560590
longitude = -0.827000
official_name = Boulby
static_

static_image_caption =
population =
civil_parish =
unitary_england = Redcar and Cleveland
region = North East England
lieutenancy_england = North Yorkshire
constituency_westminster =
post_town = SALTBURN-BY-THE-SEA
postcode_district = TS13
postcode_area = TS
dial_code =
os_grid_reference = NZ759190

Boulby is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is located just off the A174 near Easington, and 1 mile west of Staithes.

Etymology and history

Etymology

Boulby is an old Scandinavian place name meaning "Bolli's Farm", constructed from the male personal name "Bolli" + -by, an Old Scandinavian element meaning "farmstead, village or settlement".Ayto, J & Crofton, C (2005). "Brewer's Britain & Ireland" Weidenfeld & Nicolson ISBN 0-304-35385-X p137 & 180.] Examples of Bolli from the 10th century are the Norse Bolli Thorleiksson and his son Bolli Bollason from the Icelandic Sagas, although neither were recorded as coming to England.

The large number of villages and farmsteads containing a personal name and -by are believed to have been settled by Scandinavian conquerors breaking up the English church and secular estates from the late 9th century. There are high density pockets in parts of Yorkshire corresponding to the Norse Kingdom of Jorvik and the subsequent Anglo-Danish Earldom of Northumbria from 954.

History

In the "Domesday Book" of 1086, Boulby is given as "Bolebi" or "Bollebi", [ [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/search-results.asp?searchtype=browserefine&query=scope%3dboulby&catid=24&pagenumber=1&querytype=1&mediaarray=*] The National Archives: "Domesday Book", Boulby. Retrieved on 2008-07-28] and appears within the soke of Loftus, held in the William the Conqueror’s time by High d'Avranches, Earl of Chester.

It states "In Bolebi, Chiluert had 1 carucate of land, sufficient for 1 plough, valued at 8 shillings."

Chiluert held the manor before the conquest. Some time afterwards Boulby, along with Easington, passed to the de Brus family, Lords of Skelton. [Graves, J (1808). "The History of Cleveland, in the North Riding of the County of York" F. Jollie and sons p329.]

The estate of Easington and Boulby came to a branch of the family of Conyers by the mid-1400s, who for several generations, were seated at mansion at Boulby. By the early 1800s the mansion was converted into a farm house, which over the door on a square stone bore the arms of the Conyers. The family were sole proprietors until about 1664, when Nicholas Conyers passed the estate to the sons of his second wife, who all died without male issue. Nicholas Conyers kept possession of the alum works at Boulby, which was founded in 1615. By 1890 Boulby was described as a "straggling and ruinous village". [ [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/NRY/Easington/Easington90.html] GENUKI: EASINGTON,Geographical and Historical information from the year 1890. Retrieved on 2008-07-28]

Administratively Boulby was formerly in the North Riding of Yorkshire until 1964, then the non-metropolitan county of Cleveland until 1996.

Cliffs, quarries and mines

Just north of the village are located the highest cliffs in England (203 metres / 666ft above sea level). For a brief period Boulby Cliff was mined for alum, a mineral used as a mordant to improve the strength and permanency of colour when dyeing cloth. This mining was relatively short lived as a cheaper method was developed soon after the boom in alum mining. The ruined remnants of the mines can still be seen from the cliff top when walking the Cleveland Way between Staithes and Skinningrove. To the north-west of the village is Boulby Quarries a Site of Special Scientific Interest designated due to its geological interest.

Boulby is also home to Cleveland Potash at Boulby mine - Europe's deepest mine, where potash and rock salt is mined 2km underground. Boulby used to be served by the Whitby Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway (WRMU) which ran along the coastline to Whitby Town station where it met the Scarborough & Whitby Railway. However the WRMU was closed in 1958. Today the railway line from Saltburn has been reopened for goods as far as the mine, and is used for the transportation of potash and rock salt.

References