- Gravelines
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Gravelines
GrevelingenPlace Charles Valentin Administration Country France Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais Department Nord Arrondissement Dunkirk Canton Gravelines Intercommunality Dunkerque grand littoral Mayor Bertrand Ringot Statistics Elevation 0–25 m (0–82 ft)
(avg. 3 m/9.8 ft)Land area1 22.66 km2 (8.75 sq mi) Population2 11,828 (2006) - Density 522 /km2 (1,350 /sq mi) INSEE/Postal code 59273/ 59820 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. Coordinates: 50°59′09″N 2°07′42″E / 50.9858°N 2.1283°E
Gravelines (Dutch: Grevelingen) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
It lies at the mouth of the river Aa 15 miles (25 km) southwest of Dunkirk. There is a market in the town square (Place Charles Valentin) on Saturdays. The "Arsenal" approached from the town square is home to an extensive and carefully displayed art collection. There are modern bronze statues in the grounds. The town is also home to French basketball club BCM Gravelines.
Contents
History
In the early 12th century, Saint-Omer was an important port in western Flanders. However silting gradually cut it off from the North Sea, resulting in the construction of a canal to the new coast at what is now Gravelines. The name is derived from the Dutch Gravenenga, meaning Count's Canal. The new town became heavily fortified as it guarded the western borders of Spanish territory in Flanders.
Gravelines was taken by Henry le Despenser's English forces during the Norwich Crusade of 1383 and was that year destroyed on his orders as the English retreated towards Calais.[1]
There was a famous Meeting at Gravelines in 1520, between the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Henry VIII of England. There were also two battles fought nearby: the first was a land battle in 1558 resulting in a victory by Spanish forces of Lamoral, Count of Egmont over the French under Marshal Paul des Thermes, while the second was a naval attack using fire ships in 1588 launched by England's Royal Navy under Lord Howard against the Spanish Armada at anchor. Gravelines was also the setting for Sir Philip Sidney's failure to deliver the town from Spanish occupation in July 1586, which is described in the anonymous A Discourse of the enterprise of Gravelines.
The town was captured and recaptured several times by the French and Spanish between 1639 and 1658, and finally annexed to France in the Treaty of the Pyrenees of 1659.
Only in the 19th century did the population become totally French speaking.
Twin towns
- Biblis, Germany
- Dartford, United Kingdom
- Fáskrúðsfjörður, Iceland
Economy
Now the city is mainly known for its nuclear energy plant.
See also
Notes
- ^ Allington-Smith, Henry Despenser the Fighting Bishop, chapter 4
References
- INSEE commune file
- Allington-Smith, R. (2003). Henry Despenser: the fighting bishop. Dereham: Larks Press. ISBN 1-904-00616-7.
External links
Categories:- Communes of Nord
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