Walmarting

Walmarting is a neologism with three meanings.

* A reference to Wal-Mart. This use is similar to the concept of globalization and is used pejoratively by critics [cite web|title=Service employees propose a program for change | work= Interview with Andy Stern, president of the Service Employees International Union, by journalists David Bacon and Philip Maldari on KPFA-FM radio, Berkeley, CA, January 19, 2005 | url=http://dbacon.igc.org/Unions/2005stern.html | accessdate=2006-04-30] and neutrally by businesses seeking to emulate Wal-Mart's success. [cite web|title= More Fortunes out of Digits--Is Data Warehousing the Walmarting of the future?| work= Highly recommended resources by OmegaPoint Network Enterprises, 1999-2005 | url=http://www.omega23.com/books/comp1/datawarehousing.html| accessdate=2006-04-30]

* The second usage refers to the homogenization of the retail sector due to those practices, [cite web|title= First Friday's in Mt Jackson at The Art Group | work= Shenandoahmusic.com website| url=http://www.shenandoahmusic.com/fridaysmtjackson.htm| accessdate=2006-04-30] and is pejorative.

* A third, neutral usage, refers to the act of shopping at the retail chain Wal-Mart. [cite web|title= Things to do around EIU | work= Eastern Illinois University electronic student handbook| url=http://spin.eiu.edu/panther_pack/index.php?path=other/todo| accessdate=2006-04-30] In the Southern United States this is sometimes described as going to "Wally World".Fact|date=December 2007

Background

The term "Walmarting" derives from debateover Wal-Mart's business practices, which effectively apply optimization concepts from logistics, purchasing and finance to achieve and maintain low prices, especially when questionable ethics are made use of to do so.

More generally, "Walmarting" refers to the spread of Wal-Mart's business model to other big-box retailers throughout the American economy, and the national or global implications of that proliferation.

The Wal-Mart business model includes: marketing to a broad "family" demographic that includes rural as well as urban, ethnic minorities as well as mainstream, people without a higher level education, lower- or working-class consumers, as well as the middle-class; one-stop shopping based on a very large selection of goods and services; the use of intense price competition and high-technology inventory management to stimulate and satisfy end-user demand; extreme economies of scale based on big-box delivery of consumables; aggressive supply-chain management that requires producers to reduce their costs significantly to find an outlet for their goods; employment of store workers for low wages, few benefits, and little job security to reduce overhead.

Critics have claimed that the domestic impact of Walmarting is to force local businesses into bankruptcy because they are unable to compete with Wal-Mart's "low, low prices", and to reduce the standard of living for local workers who lose their jobs, then must accept work at Wal-Mart levels of compensation. Similarly, it is argued by some critics that the international impact of Walmarting is to force American suppliers to rely on low-wage foreign producers for goods, leading in turn to an unfavorable national balance of trade and contributing to the growth of the American temporary and low-wage employment sector.

In response, Wal-Mart proponents point out consumer monies saved by purchasing lower-cost goods can then be diverted elsewhere in the economy to create jobs. Supporters of Wal-Mart have also noted that retail-driven price competition rationalizes the economy and eliminates wasteful deployment of capital and labor. Wal-Mart advocates particularly emphasize the democratic values inherent in providing a store where all Americans can afford to shop.

Walmarting differs both from "Disneyfication" and "McDonaldization", though there is a strong family resemblance. "Disneyfication" and "McDonaldization" emphasize the "fun" of theme park attractions and fast food dining, while Walmarting markets itself mainly upon shopping for savings. "Disneyfied" businesses embellish a particular theme as imagined history, while "McDonaldized" businesses rationalize a specific good or service; by contrast, "Walmarting" plays upon a single aspect of shopping – getting a bargain – and applies it across the board to a broad range of goods and services available in its "super-stores".

The "Walmarting" concept has been applied in various industries. The external links below cite examples of its usage for the first two definitions.

ee also

*Big box store
*Category killer
*Cocacolonization
*Criticism of Wal-Mart
*Wake Up Wal-Mart
*Whirl-Mart

Notes

References

*cite book | author=Bergdahl, Michael | title=What I Learned from Sam Walton: How to Compete and Thrive in a Wal-Mart World | publisher= | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-471-67998-4
*cite book | author=Bianco, Anthony | title=The Bully of Bentonville: How the High Cost of Wal-Mart's Everyday Low Prices Is Hurting America | publisher= | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-385-51356-9
*cite book | author=Dicker, John | title= The United States of Wal-Mart | publisher=Jeremy P. Tarcher| year=2005 | id=ISBN 1-58542-422-6
*cite book | author=Ehrenreich, Barbara| title= | publisher= Owl Books| year=2002 | id=ISBN 0-7453-1846-0
*cite book | author=Featherstone, Liza | title=Selling Women Short: The Landmark Battle for Workers' Rights at Wal-Mart | publisher=Basic Books | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-465-02316-9
*cite book | author=Fishman, Charles| title= [http://www.100fires.com/cgi-bin/product_display.cgi?cart=rec&ordernum=585032&prod_type=Books The Wal-Mart Effect: How the World's Most Powerful Company Really Works--and How It's Transforming the American Economy ] | publisher=Penguin Press | year=2005 | id=ISBN 1-59420-076-9
*cite book | author=Joseph, Marc & Fischer, Rusty | title= The Secrets of Retailing, or: How to Beat Wal-Mart! | publisher=Silverback Books | year=2005 | id=ISBN 1-59637-037-8
*cite book | author=Lichtenstein, Nelson | title=Wal-Mart: A Field Guide to America's Largest Company and the World's Largest Employer | publisher=New Press | year=2006 | id=ISBN 1-59558-035-2
*cite book | author=Norman, Al | title=The Case Against Wal-Mart| publisher=Raphel Marketing| year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-9711542-3-6
*cite book | author=Ortega, Bob | title=In Sam We Trust: The Untold Story of Sam Walton and Wal-Mart, the World's Most Powerful Retailer | publisher= | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-8129-6377-6
*cite book | author=Peacock, Joe| title=Mentally Incontinent: A Joe The Peacock Book, The Wal-Mart Story | publisher= | year=2005 | id=ISBN 0-9774184-0-5
*cite book | author=Porter, David | title=Megamall on the Hudson: Planning, Wal-Mart, and Grassroots Resistance | publisher= Trafford | year=2003 | id=ISBN 1-55369-855-X
*cite book | author=Quinn, Bill | title=How Wal-Mart Is Destroying America and the World: And What You Can Do about It (3rd edition) | publisher= Ten Speed Press | year=2005 | id=ISBN 1-58008-668-3
*cite book | author=Slater, Robert | title=The Wal-Mart Decade: How a New Generation of Leaders Turned Sam Walton's Legacy into the World's #1 Company | publisher= | year=2003 | id=ISBN 1-59184-006-6
*cite book | author=Slater, Robert | title=The Wal-Mart Triumph: Inside the World's #1 Company | publisher= | year=2004 | id=ISBN 1-59184-043-0
*cite book | author=Soderquist, Don | title=The Wal-Mart Way: The Inside Story of the Success of the World's Largest Company | publisher= | year=2005 | id=ISBN 0-7852-6119-2
*cite book | author=Spotts, Greg | title=Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price | publisher=Disinformation Company| year=2005 | id=ISBN 1-932857-24-9
*cite book | author=Westerman, Paul | title=Data Warehousing: Using the Wal-Mart Model | publisher= | year=2000 | id=ISBN 1-55860-684-X

Documentaries

*cite visual | director=Galloway, Ron | date=2005
url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0486944/ | title =Why Wal-Mart Works: And Why That Drives Some People C-r-a-z-y
*cite visual | director=Greenwald, Robert | date=2005
url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0473107 | title = Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price
*cite visual | director=Peled, Micha |date=2001 | url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0318087/ | title = Store Wars: When Wal-Mart Comes to Town
*cite visual | director=Young, Rick | date=2004
url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/ | title =Frontline: Is Wal-Mart Good for America?

External links

* [http://www.seiu.org/ SEUI homepage]
* [http://www.aflcio.org/aboutus/thisistheaflcio/publications/magazine/index.cfm An AFL-CIO magazine article ]
* [http://www.rtis.com/touchstone/summer00/12factor.htm 2000 usage in a magazine article]