Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy (Fr.: duc de Bourgogne) was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of West Franks. Todays th title is used by the House of Bourbon as a revived courtesy title.

Contents

List of Dukes of Burgundy

Bosonid dynasty (880-956)

Coat of Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1430-1482)

The first margrave (marchio), later duke (dux), of Burgundy was Richard of the House of Ardennes, whose duchy was created from the merging of several regional counties of the kingdom of Provence which had belonged to his brother Boso.

His descendants and their relatives by marriage ruled the duchy until its annexation over a century later by the French crown, their suzerain.

Robertian dynasty (956-1004)

House of Capet (1004-1032)

In 1004, Burgundy was annexed by the king, of the House of Capet. Otto William continued to rule what would come to be called the Free County of Burgundy. His descendants formed another House of Ivrea.

  • Robert (1004–1016) (also king of France as Robert II)
  • Henry (1016–1032) (also king of France as Henry I)

House of Burgundy (1032–1361)

Robert, son of Robert II of France, received the Duchy as a peace settlement, having disputed the succession to the throne of France with his brother Henry.

Arms Name Birth Became Duke Ruled until Death Notes
Robert I the Old
(Robert Ier le Vieux)
1011 1032 21 March 1076 Younger son of Robert II of France.
Hugh I
(Hugues Ier)
1057 21 March 1076 1079 29 August 1093 Eldest son of Henry of Burgundy, grandson of Robert I. Abdicated in favour of his younger brother, Odo.
Odo I, Duke of Burgundy.jpg Odo I Borel the Red
(Eudes Ier Borel le Roux)
1058 1079 23 March 1103 Younger brother of Hugh I.
Hugh II
(Hugues II)
1084 23 March 1103 1143 Son of Odo I
Odo II
(Eudes II)
1118 1143 27 June/27 September 1162 Eldest son of Hugh II
Hugh III
(Hugues III)
1142 27 June/27 September 1162 25 August 1192 Eldest son of Odo II
Sceau de Eudes III Duc de Bourgogne.png Odo III
(Eudes III)
1166 25 August 1192 6 July 1218 Eldest son of Hugh III
Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy.jpg Hugh IV
(Hugues IV)
9 March 1213 6 July 1218 27 October 1271 Eldest son of Odo III
Robert II of Burgundy.jpg Robert II
(Robert II)
1248 27 October 1271 21 March 1306 Eldest surviving son of Hugh IV.
Old Arms of the Dukes of Burgundy.svg Hugh V
(Hugues V)
1282 21 March 1306 9 May 1315 Eldest son of Robert II.
Odo IV of Burgundy.jpg Odo IV
(Eudes IV)
1295 9 May 1315 3 April 1350 Younger brother of Hugh V.
Rouvre.jpg Philip I of Rouvres
(Philippe Ier de Rouvres)
1346 3 April 1350 21 November 1361 Grandson of Odo IV.
Arms Name Birth Became Duke Ruled until Death Notes

House of Valois-Burgundy (1361–1482)

John II of France, the second Valois king, successfully claimed the Duchy after the death of Philip, the last Capet duke. John then passed the duchy to his youngest son Philip as an apanage.

Picture Name Birth Became Duke Ruled until Death Notes Arms
JeanIIdFrance.jpg John I the Good
(Jean Ier le Bon)
16 April 1319 28 December 1361 6 September 1363 8 April 1364 Also John II of France. Successfully claimed the Duchy as the nearest heir in proximity of blood to Philip I. France Ancient.svg
FilipsDestoute.jpg Philip II the Bold
(Philippe II le Hardi)
15 January 1342 6 September 1363 27 April 1404 Youngest son of John the Good Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404).svg
John duke of burgundy.jpg John II the Fearless
(Jean II sans Peur)
28 May 1371 27 April 1404 10 September 1419 Eldest son of Philip the Bold Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1404-1430).svg
Philip the good.jpg Philip III the Good
(Philippe III le Bon)
31 July 1396 10 September 1419 15 June 1467 Eldest son of John the Fearless Arms of the Duke of Burgundy since 1430.svg
Charles the Bold 1460.jpg Charles I the Bold
(Charles Ier le Téméraire)
21 November 1433 15 June 1467 5 January 1477 Eldest son of Philip the Good Arms of the Duke of Burgundy since 1430.svg
Maître de la Légende de Sainte Marie-Madeleine, Sainte Marie-Madeleine (15–16ème siècle).jpg Mary the Rich 13 February 1457 5 January 1477 27 March 1482 Only child of Charles the Bold Arms of the Duke of Burgundy since 1430.svg
Picture Name Birth Became Duke Ruled until Death Notes Arms

House of Habsburg (1482–1700)

In 1477, the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy was annexed by France. In the same year, Mary married Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, giving the Habsburgs control of the remainder of the Burgundian Inheritance.

Although the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy itself remained in the hands of France, the Habsburgs remained in control of the title of Duke of Burgundy and the other parts of the Burgundian inheritance, notably the Low Countries and the Free County of Burgundy in the Holy Roman Empire. They often used the term Burgundy to refer to it (e.g. in the name of the Imperial Circle it was grouped into), until the late 18th century, when the Austrian Netherlands were lost to French Republic. The Habsburgs also continued to claim Burgundy proper until the Treaty of Cambrai in 1529, when they surrendered their claim in exchange for French recognition of Imperial sovereignty over Flanders and Artois.

Picture Name Birth Became Duke Ruled until Death Notes Arms
1500 Meester van de Magdalena legende - Filips de Schone, Aartshertog van Oostenrijk, Hertog van Bourgondie.jpg Philip IV the Handsome
(Philippe IV le Bel)
22 July 1478 22 February 1482 25 September 1506 Eldest son of Duchess Mary by Maximilian of Habsburg Arms of Philip IV of Burgundy.svg
Charles5orley.jpg Charles II 24 February 1500 25 September 1506 16 January 1556 21 September 1558 Eldest son of Philip the Handsome. Also Charles I of Aragon and Castile, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Arms of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor, Charles I as King of Spain -Or shield variant .svg
Picture Name Birth Became Duke Ruled until Death Notes Arms

House of Bourbon, claimants of the title (1700-1713)

The title was briefly claimed by king Philip V of Spain (Philip VIII) of the House of Bourbon between 1700–1713 when the succession of the Spanish throne was disputed between the Houses of Habsburg and Bourbon.

At the same time, various members of the French royal family, most notably Louis, Dauphin of France, the father of Louis XV of France, also used the title.

House of Habsburg (1713–1795)

House of Bourbon, revived title in contemporary tradition (1975-present)

See also

Further reading

  • Calmette, Joseph. Doreen Weightman, trans. The Golden Age of Burgundy; the Magnificent Dukes and Their Courts. New York: W.W. Norton, 1962.
  • Chaumé, Maurice. Les Origines du Duché de Bourgogne. 2v. in 4 parts. Dijon: Jobard, 1925 (Darmstadt: npub, 1977).
  • Michael, Nicholas. Armies of Medieval Burgundy 1364–1477. London: Osprey, 1983. ISBN 0-85045-518-9.
  • Vaughan, Richard. Valois Burgundy. London: Allen Lane, 1975. ISBN 0-7139-0924-2.

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