Neopterygii

Neopterygii Temporal range: Late Permian–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Gar fish
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Subclass:	Neopterygii
Infraclasses
Holostei Teleostei See text for orders.

Neopterygii is a group of Actinopteri animals. Neopterygii means "new fins". There are only few changes during their evolution from the earlier actinopterygians. They appeared somewhere in the Late Permian, before the time of the dinosaurs. The Neopterygii is a very successful group of fishes, because they can move more rapidly than their ancestors. Their scales and skeletons began to lighten during their evolution, and their jaws became more powerful and efficient. While electroreception and the ampullae of Lorenzini is present in all other groups of fish, with the exception of hagfish, Neopterygii has lost this sense, even if it has later been re-evolved within Gymnotiformes and catfishes, who possess nonhomologous teleost ampullae.^[1]

Classification

• Infraclass Holostei
  • Order Lepisosteiformes, the gars
  • Order Amiiformes, the bowfin
• Infraclass Teleostei
  • Superorder Osteoglossomorpha
    • Order Osteoglossiformes, the bony-tongued fishes
    • Order Hiodontiformes, including the mooneye and goldeye
  • Superorder Elopomorpha
    • Order Elopiformes, including the ladyfishes and tarpon
    • Order Albuliformes, the bonefishes
    • Order Notacanthiformes, including the halosaurs and spiny eels
    • Order Anguilliformes, the true eels and gulpers
    • Order Saccopharyngiformes, including the gulper eel
  • Superorder Clupeomorpha
    • Order Clupeiformes, including herrings and anchovies
  • Superorder Ostariophysi
    • Order Gonorynchiformes, including the milkfishes
    • Order Cypriniformes, including barbs, carp, danios, goldfishes, loaches, minnows, rasboras
    • Order Characiformes, including characins, pencilfishes, hatchetfishes, piranhas, tetras.
    • Order Gymnotiformes, including electric eels and knifefishes
    • Order Siluriformes, the catfishes
  • Superorder Protacanthopterygii
    • Order Argentiniformes, including the barreleyes and slickheads (formerly in Osmeriformes)
    • Order Salmoniformes, including salmon and trout
    • Order Esociformes the pike
    • Order Osmeriformes, including the smelts and galaxiids
  • Superorder Stenopterygii (may belong in Protacanthopterygii)
    • Order Ateleopodiformes, the jellynose fish
    • Order Stomiiformes, including the bristlemouths and marine hatchetfishes
  • Superorder Cyclosquamata (may belong in Protacanthopterygii)
    • Order Aulopiformes, including the Bombay duck and lancetfishes
  • Superorder Scopelomorpha
    • Order Myctophiformes, including the lanternfishes
  • Superorder Lampridiomorpha
    • Order Lampriformes, including the oarfish, opah and ribbonfishes
  • Superorder Polymyxiomorpha
    • Order Polymixiiformes, the beardfishes
  • Superorder Paracanthopterygii
    • Order Percopsiformes, including the cavefishes and trout-perches
    • Order Batrachoidiformes, the toadfishes
    • Order Lophiiformes, including the anglerfishes
    • Order Gadiformes, including cods
    • Order Ophidiiformes, including the pearlfishes
  • Superorder Acanthopterygii
    • Order Mugiliformes, the mullets
    • Order Atheriniformes, including silversides and rainbowfishes
    • Order Beloniformes, including the flyingfishes
    • Order Cetomimiformes, the whalefishes
    • Order Cyprinodontiformes, including livebearers, killifishes
    • Order Stephanoberyciformes, including the ridgeheads
    • Order Beryciformes, including the fangtooths and pineconefishes
    • Order Zeiformes, including the dories
    • Order Gobiesociformes, the clingfishes^[2]
    • Order Gasterosteiformes including sticklebacks
    • Order Syngnathiformes, including the seahorses and pipefishes^[3]
    • Order Synbranchiformes, including the swamp eels
    • Order Tetraodontiformes, including the filefishes and pufferfish
    • Order Pleuronectiformes, the flatfishes
    • Order Scorpaeniformes, including scorpionfishes and the sculpins
    • Order Perciformes 40% of all fish including anabantids, bass, cichlids, gobies, gouramis, mackerel, perches, scats, whiting, wrasses

References

1. ^ Electroreception By Theodore Holmes Bullock
2. ^ In ITIS, Gobiesociformes is placed as the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order Perciformes.
3. ^ In ITIS, Syngnathiformes is placed as the suborder Syngnathoidei of the order Gasterosteiformes.