Malaysian ringgit

"MYR" redirects here. For other uses, see MYR (disambiguation).

Malaysian ringgit
Ringgit Malaysia (Malay) 马来西亚令吉 (Chinese) மலேசியா ரின்க்கிட் (Tamil) ريڠڬيت مليسيا(Arabic)
ISO 4217 code	MYR
User(s)	Malaysia
Inflation	1.7% [1]
Source	Department of Statistics, Malaysia, Aug 2009
Subunit
1/100	sen
Symbol	RM
Coins	5, 10, 20, 50 sen
Banknotes	RM1, RM2, RM5, RM10, RM20, RM50, RM100
Central bank	Bank Negara Malaysia
Website	www.bnm.gov.my

Malaysian Ringgit
Chinese name
Chinese	马来西亚令吉
Transcriptions Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin Mǎ​lái​xī​yà​ Lìngjí
Malay name
Malay	Ringgit Malaysia
Tamil name
Tamil	மலேசியா ரின்க்கிட்
Arabic name
Arabic	ريڠڬيت مليسيا

The Malaysian ringgit (plural: ringgit; currency code MYR; formerly the Malaysian dollar) is the currency of Malaysia. It is divided into 100 sen (cents). The ringgit is issued by the Bank Negara Malaysia.

Etymology

The word ringgit means "jagged" in Malay and was originally used to refer to the serrated edges of silver Spanish dollars which circulated widely in the area during the 16th and 17th century Portuguese colonial era. The Singapore dollar and the Brunei dollar are also called ringgit in Malay (although currencies such as the U.S. and Australian dollars are dolar), hence its official abbreviation RM for Ringgit Malaysia.

The Malay names ringgit and sen were officially adopted as the sole official names in August 1975. Previously they had been known officially as dollars and cents in English and ringgit and sen in Malay, and in some parts of the country this usage continues. In the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia, denominations of 10 sen are called kupang in Malay ("poat⁸" in Hokkien), e.g. 50 sen is 5 kupang.

History

On June 12, 1967, the Malaysian dollar, issued by the new central bank, Bank Negara Malaysia, replaced the Malaya and British Borneo dollar at par.^[2] The new currency retained all denominations of its predecessor except the $10,000 denomination, and also brought over the colour schemes of the old dollar. Over the course of the following decades, minor changes were made on the notes and coins issued, from the introduction of the M$1 coin in 1967, to the demonetisation of M$500 and M$1000 notes during the 1990s.

The use of the dollar sign "$" (or "M$") was not replaced by "RM" (Ringgit Malaysia) until around 1993, though internationally "MYR" (MY being the country code for Malaysia) is more widely used.

As the Malaysian dollar replaced the Malaya and British Borneo dollar at par, the new dollar was originally valued at 8.57 dollars per 1 British pound sterling. In November 1967, five months of the introduction of the dollar, the pound was devalued by 14.3%. The new currency was not affected but earlier notes of the Malaya and British Borneo dollar were still pegged to pound at 8.57 dollars per 1 pound and, consequently, these notes were reduced in value to 85 cents per dollar.

Despite the emergence of new currencies in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, the Interchangeability Agreement which the three countries continued to adhere to as they were originally parts of a currency union meant the Malaysian dollar was also exchangeable at par with the Singapore dollar and Brunei dollar until May 8, 1973, when the Malaysian government pulled out of the agreement.^[3] The Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Brunei Currency and Monetary Board still maintain the interchangeability of their two currencies, as of 2009.^[3]

Between 1995 and 1997, the ringgit was trading as a free float currency at around 2.50 to the U.S. dollar,^[4][5] before dipping to under 3.80 to the dollar by the end of 1997,^[5] following the year's East Asian financial crisis. For the first half of 1998, the currency fluctuated between 3.80 and 4.40 to the dollar,^[6] before Bank Negara Malaysia pegged the ringgit to the US dollar in September 1998, maintaining its 3.80 to the dollar value for almost seven years, while remaining floated against other currencies.

The ringgit lost 50% of its value against the US dollar between 1997 and 1998, and suffered general depreciation against other currencies between December 2001 and January 2005. As of September 4, 2008, the ringgit has yet to regain its value circa 2001 against the Singapore dollar (SGD) (2.07 to 2.40 to the MYR),^[7]) the Euro (EUR) (3.40 to 4.97 to the MYR),^[8] the Australian dollar (AUD) (1.98 to 2.80 to the MYR^[9]), and the British pound (GBP) (5.42 to 6.10 to the MYR^[10]).

Single currency units in ringgit, averaged over the year.

	1995	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010 (as of 3 Oct)
United States dollar	2.5415	3.8000	3.8000	3.8000	3.8000	3.8000	3.7872	3.6669	3.4356	3.3308	3.5245	3.0854
Euro	3.2499	3.5089	3.4025	3.5925	4.2999	4.7267	4.7144	4.6028	4.707	4.8851	4.9040	4.0107
British pound	3.9458	5.7602	5.4802	5.7096	6.2116	6.9511	6.8928	6.7531	6.8748	6.3619	5.5081	4.8878
Singapore dollar	1.7950	2.2034	2.1208	2.1226	2.1807	2.2488	2.2762	2.3082	2.2807	2.3542	2.4237	2.3125
Australian dollar	1.8877	2.20995	1.9647	2.0661	2.4786	2.7997	2.8874	2.7622	2.8796	2.8239	2.7823	2.8129
Japanese yen	0.024593	0.035257	0.031291	0.030395	0.032832	0.035154	0.034377	0.031517	0.029194	0.032351	0.037690	0.036520
Chinese yuan	0.3046	0.4590	0.4591	0.4589	0.4589	0.4591	0.4622	0.4599	0.4519	0.4798	0.5159	0.4601
Source: x-rates.com

On July 21, 2005, Bank Negara announced the end of the peg to the US dollar immediately after China's announcement of the end of the renminbi peg to the U.S. dollar.^[11][12][13] According to Bank Negara, Malaysia allows the ringgit to operate in a managed float against several major currencies. This has resulted in the value of the ringgit rising closer to its perceived market value, although Bank Negara has intervened in financial markets to maintain stability in the trading level of the ringgit.

Following the end of the currency peg, the ringgit appreciated to as low as 3.16 to the U.S. dollar in April 2008. The ringgit had also enjoyed a period of appreciation against the Hong Kong dollar (HKD) (from 0.49 to 0.44 to the MYR)^[14] and the renminbi (CNY) (0.46 to 0.45 to the MYR)^[15] as recently as May 2008.

Political uncertainty following the country's 2008 general election and the 2008 Permatang Pauh by-election, falling oil prices, and the lack of intervention by Bank Negara to increase already low interest rates (which remained at 3.5% since April 2006)^[16] led to a slight fall of the ringgit's value against the US dollar between May and July of 2008, followed by a sharper drop between August and September of the same year. As a result, the US dollar appreciated significantly to close at 3.43 to the MYR as of September 4, 2008,^[17] while other major currencies, including the renminbi and Hong Kong dollar, follow suit. The drop brings the ringgit to its weakest since September 24, 2007, and ranks it as the second worst performing Southeast Asian currency between June 2008 and September 2008.^[16]

Current MYR exchange rates
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From XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD SGD CNY
From OANDA.com:	AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD SGD CNY

Coinage

First series (1967)

The first series of sen coins were introduced in 1967 in denominations of 1 sen, 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, 50 sen, followed by the introduction of the 1 ringgit coin (which continued to use the $ symbol and is the largest coin in the series) in 1971. While varied by diameters, virtually all the coins were minted in near-consistent obverse and reverse designs, the latter depicting the then recently completed Malaysian Houses of Parliament and the federal star and crescent moon derived from the canton of the Malaysian flag. All coins were minted from cupronickel, the only exception being the 1 sen coin, which was first composed from bronze between 1967 to 1972, followed by steel clad with copper from 1973 onwards. The 50 sen coin is the only coin in the series to undergo a redesign—a minor modification on its edge in 1971 to include "Bank Negara Malaysia" letterings.

Minting of the first sen series was halted in 1989 when the second series was introduced in circulation. The coins, however, remain in legal tender as of 2010, but have steadily declined in numbers since the 1990s and are now scarcely in circulation. The $1 coin has not been in common circulation since the introduction of the second series $1 coins in 1989.

First series[18]
Image		Value	Technical parameters		Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse		Diameter	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	first minting	issue
		1 sen	18 mm	Bronze	Plain	State title, value, year of minting	Parliament House and a 13-pointed star and crescent moon	1967	12 June 1967
		1 sen		Copper clad steel				1973	?
		5 sen	16 mm	Cupronickel	Reeded	State title, value, year of minting	Parliament House and a 13-pointed star and crescent moon	1967	12 June 1967
		10 sen	19 mm
		20 sen	23 mm
		50 sen	28 mm
		50 sen			Lettered "BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA"			1971	?
		$1	33 mm		Lettered "BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA"		Parliament House and a 14-pointed star and crescent moon. The crescent and stars are depicted in thinner forms; the crescent itself is significantly larger and situated in the same position as the Parliament House.	1971	1 May 1971

Second series (1989)

The second series of sen coins entered circulation in late-1989, sporting completely redesigned observes and reverses, but predominantly retaining the design of edges, diameters and composition of the previous series' coins as of 1989—the 1 ringgit coin an exception. Changes include the inclusion of a Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malay: Bunga Raya), the national flower of Malaysia, on the upper half of the observe, and the depiction of items of Malay culture on the reverse. The second series was designed by Low Yee Kheng.

The 1 ringgit coin is the only coin to have received a total revision. In addition to changes on its observe and reverse, the size of the coin was also reduced from a diameter of 33 mm to 24 mm, and was minted from an alloy of copper, zinc and tin, as opposed to the first series' cupronickel. The $ symbol was brought over to the new coin, but was dropped in favor of "RINGGIT" for coins minted from 1993 onwards. On December 7, 2005, the 1 ringgit coin was demonetised and withdrawn from circulation. This was partly due to problems with standardisation (two different versions of the second series coin were minted) and forgery.

As of April 1, 2008, a rounding mechanism of prices to the nearest 5 sen, applied to the total bill only, is in force, which was first announced in 2007 by Bank Negara Malaysia, in an attempt to render the 1 sen coin irrelevant.^[19] Individual items and services can still be priced in multiples of 1 sen with the final totaled rounded to the nearest 5 sen. For example, purchasing two items priced RM4.88 and RM3.14, totalling RM8.02, would then be rounded to RM8.00. If each item had been individually rounded (to RM4.90 and RM3.15 respectively) the incorrect total would have been RM8.05. In practice, individual items will probably remain priced at so-called "price points" (or psychological pricing and odd-number pricing) ending in 98 and 99 to maximize rounding gains for the vendor, especially in the case of single item purchases. Existing 1 sen coins in circulation remain legal tender for payments up to RM2.00.^[20]

Second series[21]
Image		Value	Technical parameters		Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse		Diameter	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	first minting	issue
		1 sen	18 mm	Bronze clad steel	Plain	Bank title, value, year of minting	Rebana ubi	1989	4 September 1989
		5 sen	16 mm	Cupronickel	Reeded	Bank title, value, year of minting	Gasing	1989	4 September 1989
		10 sen	19 mm				Congkak
		20 sen	23 mm				Sirih and kapur container
		50 sen	28 mm		Lettered "BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA"		Wau
		$1	24 mm	Copper-zinc-tin	Reeded	Bank title, "$1", year	Keris with a songket background	1989	4 September 1989
		$1				Bank title, "1 RINGGIT", year of minting		1993	?
For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Kijang Emas

Three denominations of gold bullion coins, the "Kijang Emas" (the kijang, a species of deer, being part of Bank Negara Malaysia's logo) are also issued, at the face value of RM 50, RM 100 and RM 200. It was launched on July 17, 2001 by Bank Negara Malaysia and was minted by the Royal Mint of Malaysia. The purchase and reselling price of Kijang Emas is determined by the prevailing international gold market price.

Third series (2011)

The third series of sen coins were announced in 25 July 2011, first being issued as commemorative coins to mark their release in early 2012. The third series carry a theme named "Distinctively Malaysia" and are inspired from motifs of flora and fauna drawn from various cultures in Malaysia to "reflect the diversity and richness of Malaysia's national identity". The denominations issued are 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents. Changes in the series include changes in diameter, the color on 20 and 50 cents from silver to yellow and a redesign on the obverse featuring each denominations individual motif, fourteen dots symbolizing the thirteen states and the collective Federal Territories, and five horizontal lines indicating the five principles of Rukunegara.^[22]

The 50 sen coin is more distinctive than the other denominations. The round shape of the coin has nine indentations, forgoing the original "BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA" lettering. The reverse does not feature the five horizontal lines, but instead a security feature is placed over the 50 cent coin, where lettering of the denomination "50" and "Sen" can be seen when the coin is tilted slightly.

Third Series[23]
Image		Value	Technical parameters			Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse		Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	first minting	issue
		5 sen	17.78 mm	1.72 g	Stainless steel	Plain	Bank title, value, year of minting, the national flower	14 dots, five horizontal lines, sulur kacang (pea tendrils) motif, "destar siga" cloth motif of the Kadazan-Dusun tribes	2011	?
		10 sen	18.80 mm	2.98 g		Milled		14 dots, five horizontal lines, Weave pattern of the Mah Meri people.
		20 sen	20.60 mm	4.18 g	Nickel Brass	Coarse		14 dots, five horizontal lines, bunga melur (Jasmine flower) motif on the foreground with a "destar siga" motif on the background
		50 sen	22.65 mm	5.66 g	Nickel Brass clad Copper	Plain		14 dots, sulur kacang (pea tendrils) motif and fine lines denoting security feature
For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Banknotes

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Bank Negara Malaysia first issued Malaysian dollar banknotes in June 1967 in $1, $5, $10, $50 and $100 denominations. The $1000 denomination was first issued in 1968. Malaysian banknotes have always carried the image of Tuanku Abdul Rahman, the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.

ATMs normally dispense RM50 notes, or more rarely, RM10 notes in combination with RM50 notes.

Malaysian banknotes have long followed a colour code originating from colonial times. In the lower denominations this pattern is followed by Singapore and Brunei, and when Bank Negara first introduced the RM2 note it copied the lilac colour from the Singapore $2 note.

• RM1 - blue
• RM2 - lilac ( in circulation,no longer issue)
• RM5 - green
• RM10 - red
• RM20 - brown/white (no longer in circulation,will be reissued in new series in 2012)
• RM50 - blue/grey
• RM100 - violet
• RM500 - orange (no longer in circulation)
• RM1000 - blue/green (no longer in circulation)

First series (1967)

The front features Tuanku Abdul Rahman and the back features the traditional design of the Kijang Emas.

First Series
Image		Value	Main Colour	Description		Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		$1	Blue	Tuanku Abdul Rahman	BNM logo (Kijang Emas)	1967
		$5	Green
		$10	Red
		$50	Blue/grey
		$100	Violet
		$1000	purple/green		Parliament building in Kuala Lumpur	1968
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Second series (1982)

The second series was issued with Malaysian traditional ornamental designs in 1982–1984, in $1, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500, and $1000 denominations. The $20 was generally relatively uncommon. The second series notes are still occasionally encountered.

The mark for the blind on the upper left hand corner was removed on the second revision in 1986.

In 1999 the RM500 and RM1000 notes were discontinued and ceased to be legal tender. This was due because of the Asian monetary crisis of 1997 when huge amounts of ringgit were taken out of the country to be traded in these notes. In effect the notes were withdrawn out of circulation and the amount of ringgit taken out of the country in banknotes was limited to RM1000.

In 1993, $1 notes were discontinued and replaced by the $1 coin.

Second Series (a)
Image		Value	Main Colour	Description		Date of issue	Remark
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		$1	Blue	Tuanku Abdul Rahman	The National Monument in Kuala Lumpur	1984	with blind mark.
		$5	Green		Istana Negara in Kuala Lumpur	1984
		$10	Red		Old Kuala Lumpur Railway Station	1983
		$20	Brown/white		Bank Negara Malaysia headquarters in Kuala Lumpur	1982
		$50	Blue/grey		National Museum in Kuala Lumpur	1983
		$100	Violet		National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur	1983
		$500	Orange		Former Supreme Court building in Kuala Lumpur	1982
		$1000	Blue/green		Parliament building in Kuala Lumpur	1984
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Second Series (b)
Image		Value	Main Colour	Description		Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		$1	Blue	Tuanku Abdul Rahman	The National Monument in Kuala Lumpur	1986
		$5	Green		Istana Negara in Kuala Lumpur	1986
		$10	Red		Old Kuala Lumpur Railway Station	1986
		$20	Brown/white		Bank Negara Malaysia headquarters in Kuala Lumpur	1986
		$50	Blue/grey		National Museum in Kuala Lumpur	1986
		$100	Violet		National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur	1986
		$500	Orange		Former Supreme Court building in Kuala Lumpur	1986
		$1000	Blue/green		Parliament building in Kuala Lumpur	1986
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Third series (1996)

The current and third series was issued with designs in the spirit of Wawasan 2020 in 1996–1999 in denominations of RM2, RM5, RM10, RM50 and RM100. The larger denomination RM50 and RM100 notes had an additional hologram strip to deter counterfeiters.

In 2000, the RM1 note was reintroduced, adding with the RM2 note, which remains legal tender, and the RM1 coin. The RM1 coin was eventually withdrawn from circulation and demonetised on December 7, 2005.

In 2004, Bank Negara issued a new RM10 note with additional security features including the holographic strip previously only seen on the RM50 and RM100 notes. A new RM5 polymer banknote with a distinctive transparent window was also issued. Both new banknotes are almost identical to their original third series designs. According to Bank Negara, all paper notes will eventually be phased out and replaced by polymer notes.

Third Series[24]
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description		Date of issue	Status	Remark
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse
[File:Myr1 3rdseries front.jpg|84px|1 ringgit]		RM1	120 × 65 mm	Blue	Tuanku Abdul Rahman	Tourism, Mount Kinabalu, Mount Mulu and "Wau Bulan" kite	8 November 2000	Circulation	Paper
		RM2	130 × 65 mm	Lilac		Telecommunications, Menara Kuala Lumpur communications tower and the MEASAT satellite	5 February 1996	Withdrawn	Paper
		RM5	135 × 65 mm	Green		Multimedia Super Corridor, KLIA and Petronas Twin Towers	27 September 1999	Withdrawn	Paper
							26 October 2004	Circulation	Polymer (Biaxially-oriented polypropylene)
		RM10	140 × 65 mm	Red		Transportation, Putra LRT train, Malaysia AirlinesBoeing 777 aircraft and MISC ship	19 January 1998	Withdrawn	Paper (without holographic strip)
							5 January 2004	Circulation	Paper (with holographic strip)
		RM50	145 × 69 mm	Blue/grey		Mining, Petronas oil platform	20 July 1998	Circulation	Paper (with holographic strip)
		RM100	150 × 69 mm	Violet		Heavy Industrial, Proton car production line and engine	26 October 1998	Circulation	Paper (with holographic strip)
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Fourth series (2008, 2012)

In early 2008, the Bank released a newly-designed RM50 banknote, which according to the Bank, were to enter general circulation beginning January 30, 2008. Earlier, 20,000 more such notes with special packaging were distributed by the bank on December 26, 2007, three years after 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. There is currently no official word on new designs for notes of other denominations.

The newly designed RM50 banknote retains the predominant colour of green-blue, but is designed in a new theme, dubbed the "National Mission", expressing the notion of Malaysia "[moving] the economy up the value chain", in accordance to Malaysia's economic transformation to higher value-added activities in agriculture, manufacturing and services sectors of the economy. The dominant intaglio portrait of the first Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Tuanku Abdul Rahman, is retained on the right and the national flower, the hibiscus, is presented in the center on the obverse of the note. Design patterns from songket weaving, which are in the background and edges of the banknote, are featured to reflect the traditional Malay textile handicraft and embroidery. The first 50 million pieces of the new RM50 banknote features Malaysia's first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the historic declaration of Malaya's independence, and the logo of the 50th Anniversary of Independence on the reverse.^[25]

Security features on the banknote include a watermarked portrait of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a security thread, micro letterings, fluorescent elements visible only under ultraviolet light, a multi coloured latent image which changes colour when viewed at different angles, and a holographic stripe at the side of the note and a image that is visible only via a moiré effect to prevent counterfeiting using photocopiers.^[25]

Circulation for the first edition of this new RM50 banknote was eventually curtailed by the Central Bank due to the various Malaysia banks' automatic teller machines inability to accept it. The bank began to re-release the new series for general circulation beginning July 15, 2009 without the 50th Anniversary logo. This edition include new enhanced security features such as two color number fluorescents and security fibers.^[26]

In June 2011, Bank Negara Malaysia had announced that they will introduce a new series of banknotes in order to replace the current design that has been in circulation for around 15 years. The most highlighted part of the announcement is the re-introduction of the RM20 note, which was not included in the third series. The design of the new notes will be announced between July and September 2011, and the notes are expected to be put into circulation in January 2012.

Fourth series[27]
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description		Date of issue	Remark
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse
		RM50	145 × 69 mm	Blue and green	Tuanku Abdul Rahman with the national flower, hibiscus)	Malaysia's first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj and the logo of the 50th Anniversary of Independence. Oil palm Trees	26 December 2007	Commemorative fourth series
		RM50	145 × 69 mm	Blue and green	Tuanku Abdul Rahman with the national flower, hibiscus)	Malaysia's first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, Oil palm trees	15 July 2009	Circulating notes
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Fourth Series
Image		Value	Main Colour	Description		Date of issue	Remark
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	RM1	Blue	Tuanku Abdul Rahman		2012	Issue expected
[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	RM5	Green			2012
[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	RM10	Red			2012
[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	RM20				2012
[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	[[File:|97px|ringgit]]	RM100	Purple			2012
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Commemoratives

To commemorate the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, a commemorative RM50 polymer banknote was issued. This note is hardly ever seen in normal usage, its use being a collector's commemorative. This note was printed by Note Printing Australia (NPA).

Commemorative
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description		Date of issue	Remark
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse
		RM50	152 × 76 mm	Yellow and green	Tuanku Abdul Rahman, the skyline of Kuala Lumpur (with the Petronas Twin Towers)	Bukit Jalil Sports complex	1 June 1998	Polymer (Biaxially-oriented polypropylene)
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Notes and references

1. ^ Approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled (2010 est.) (The World Factbook) Archived 24 December 2009 at WebCite
2. ^ International Economics - Historial Exchange Rate Regime of Asian Countries
3. ^ ^{a b} "The Currency History of Singapore". Monetary Authority of Singapore. 2007-04-09. http://www.mas.gov.sg/currency/currency_info/Heritage_Collection.html. Retrieved 2008-07-03. "Official Currencies of The Straits Settlements (1826-1939); Currencies of the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya (1939-1951); Currencies of the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya and British Borneo (1952-1957); Currencies of the Independent Malaya (1957-1963); On 12 June 1967, the currency union which had been operating for 29 years came to an end, and the three participating countries, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei each issued its own currency. The currencies of the 3 countries were interchangeable at par value under the Interchangeability Agreement until 8 May 1973 when the Malaysian government decided to terminate it. Brunei and Singapore however continue with the Agreement until the present day." 
4. ^ "Monthly Average Graph (Malaysian Ringgit, American Dollar) 1995". x-rates.com. http://www.x-rates.com/d/MYR/USD/hist1995.html. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^{[dead link]}
5. ^ ^{a b} "Monthly Average Graph (Malaysian Ringgit, American Dollar) 1997". x-rates.com. http://www.x-rates.com/d/MYR/USD/hist1997.html. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^{[dead link]}
6. ^ "Monthly Average Graph (Malaysian Ringgit, American Dollar) 1998". x-rates.com. http://www.x-rates.com/d/MYR/USD/hist1998.html. Retrieved 2008-01-02. ^{[dead link]}
7. ^ "Singapore Dollar to Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate". Yahoo! Finance. http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?from=SGD&to=MYR&amt=1&t=5y. Retrieved 2008-09-04. 
8. ^ "Euro to Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate". Yahoo! Finance. http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?from=EUR&to=MYR&amt=1&t=5y. Retrieved 2008-09-04. 
9. ^ "Australian Dollar to Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate". Yahoo! Finance. http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?from=AUD&to=MYR&amt=1&t=5y. Retrieved 2008-09-04. 
10. ^ "British Pound to Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate". Yahoo! Finance. http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?from=GBP&to=MYR&amt=1&t=5y. Retrieved 2008-09-04. 
11. ^ "2006 Investment Climate Statement -- Malaysia". U.S. State Department. Archived from the original on 2008-01-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20080102142933/http://www.state.gov/e/eeb/ifd/2006/62012.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-03. 
12. ^ "Malaysia: Economic and political situation (2005)". UK Trade & Investment. https://www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk/ukti/appmanager/ukti/countries;jsessionid=GB0x53Z22QWNxd6ZQxVT7TsnQCRJvvB1yY9dFyQGcN1fVzjZ4VRJ!-538976612!-1463466175?_nfpb=true&portlet_3_5_actionOverride=%2Fpub%2Fportlets%2FgenericViewer%2FshowContentItem&_windowLabel=portlet_3_5&portlet_3_5navigationPageId=%2Fmalaysia&portlet_3_5navigationContentPath=%2FBEA+Repository%2F327%2F226122&_pageLabel=CountryType1. Retrieved 2008-01-03. ^{[dead link]}
13. ^ Lenard, David M (2005-07-23). "Beijing's 'Thursday surprise'". Asia Times Online. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/GG23Ad05.html. Retrieved 2008-01-03. 
14. ^ "Hong Kong Dollar to Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate". Yahoo! Finance. http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?from=HKD&to=MYR&amt=1&t=5y. Retrieved 2008-05-07. 
15. ^ "Chinese Yuan to Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate". Yahoo! Finance. http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?from=CNY&to=MYR&amt=1&t=5y. Retrieved 2008-05-07. 
16. ^ ^{a b} Yong, David (2008-09-04). "Malaysian Ringgit Will Be a `Washout', Institute Says (Update2)". Bloomberg.com. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=avjWue5eZMTE. Retrieved 2008-09-04. 
17. ^ "Monthly Average Graph (Malaysian Ringgit, American Dollar) 2008". x-rates.com. http://www.x-rates.com/d/MYR/USD/hist2008.html. Retrieved 2008-09-04. ^{[dead link]}
18. ^ MoneyMuseum.bnm.gov.my
19. ^ "Doing away with one-sen coin payment". The Star. 2007-11-14. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/11/14/nation/19460993&sec=nation&focus=1. Retrieved 2007-11-14. 
20. ^ "BNM Rounding Mechanism". Bank Negara Malaysia. http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=209&pg=657&ac=568. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
21. ^ MoneyMuseum.bnm.gov.my
22. ^ Bank Negara Malaysia (2011-07-25). "Issuance of Commemorative Coins for Malaysia's New Third Coins Series". http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=8&pg=14&ac=2298. Retrieved 2011-10-04. 
23. ^ Distinctively Malaysian - The Third Series of Malaysian Coins
24. ^ BNM.gov.my Archived 17 January 2010 at WebCite
25. ^ ^{a b} Bank Negara Malaysia Issues New Design for RM50 Banknote to Commemorate Malaysia's 50th Anniversary of Independence
26. ^ "Bank Negara Malaysia Issues New Design RM50 Banknote". Bank Negara Malaysia. 2009-07-15. http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=8&pg=14&ac=1872. 
27. ^ BNM.gov.my

See also

• Economy of Malaysia

External links

• Bank Negara Malaysia Currency page showing security features of current banknotes issue (RM1, RM2, RM5, RM10, RM50, and RM100 denominations).
• Bank Negara Malaysia Money Museum website providing numismatic collection, history of money in Malaysia, and galleries.
• Stampart.co.uk, Stamp & Coin Mart, page on Malaysian Banknotes, including history of legal tender in Straits Settlements, Federation of Malaya and Malaysia.
• Standard reference on Malaysia banknotes & coins from 1957-2011.
• Malaysian Ringgit 10 - RM10

Preceded by: Malaya and British Borneo dollar Reason: Currency Agreement Ratio: at par, or 60 dollars = 7 British pounds

Currency of Malaysia 1967 –

Succeeded by: Current