Ian Macphee

Ian Malcolm Macphee AO (born July 13, 1938) is an Australian politician who was a member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1974 until 1990 and is best known for his contributions in developing Australian Multiculturalism and for being one of the most prominent moderate Liberal Party of Australia politicians.

Early years

Born in Sydney in 1938, Macphee studied at the University of Sydney and the University of Hawaii, attaining a Bachelor in Law and a Master in Arts, before moving to Melbourne where he served as Director of the Victorian Chamber of Commerce.

In 1974 he won the blue-ribbon seat of Balaclava as the Liberal candidate. After the Liberals gained government under the leadership of Malcolm Fraser the following year, Macphee initially remained on the backbench, but in November 1976 Macphee was promoted to the junior ministry where he served as Minister for Productivity.

In Office

After three years in the Productivity Portfolio Macphee replaced Michael MacKellar as the Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs. Fraser and Mackellar had already adopted the recommendations of the Galbally report which led to a new framework for migrant settlement. Macphee, with the full support of Fraser, continued the pace of reform, allowing large numbers of Indochinese refugees into Australia and he also introduced a family reunion scheme for these refugees. Macphee was assisted by receiving full bipartisan support from the shadow Immigration Minister Mick Young. [Kelly P., 'John Malcolm Fraser' in Grattan M. (ed) "Australian Prime Ministers", New Holland, Sydney, 2000 p. 369-70.]

In 1980 Macphee helped oversee the introduction of the Special Broadcasting Service. He played an important role in the opening of the Australian Institute of Multicultural Affairs and he would work with the Institute’s director, Petro Georgiou, in overseeing government policy in this area. [cite web
first=Ian
last=MacPhee
title=Liberals Misunderstand Australian Society
publisher=Making Multicultural Australia
date=1993
url=http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/displayWindow.php?mediaCode=doc&id=75]

After his retirement Macphee described his time as Immigration Minister as the most 'exciting... [and] absolutely enriching' time of during his period in parliament. cite web
first=Ian
last=MacPhee
date=30 November 1981
title=First Biennial Meeting of AIMA – Opening Address
publisher=Making Multicultural Australia
url=http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/displayWindow.php?mediaCode=doc&id=74]

Macphee became a Cabinet minister in May 1982 when Fraser promoted him to Minister for Employment and Youth Affairs. Macphee defended of the role of compulsory arbitration as a means to protect wages in spite of pressure from the more conservative elements within the party and held this post until the Fraser Government was defeated in March 1983. [Woodward D., "Australia Unsettled: The Legacy of 'Neoliberalism', " Pearson, Sydney, 2005 p. 72]

In Opposition

Upon this defeat the Liberal Party became badly divided between the moderate (wet) and the conservative (dry) forces within the party. Macphee, as one of the party’s leading moderates, became a strong supporter of Andrew Peacock, who defeated John Howard for the leadership of the Liberal Party. Macphee remained in Shadow Cabinet, continuing as shadow Minster for Employment and Industrial Relations before he was given the job of shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs after the 1984 election.

In 1985 Howard successfully challenged for the leadership but kept Macphee in the Shadow Cabinet, although he became shadow Minister for Communications. Macphee kept this position until April 1987 when Howard sacked him despite not having any significant reason to do so. [Henderson G., "Menzies' Child, The Liberal Party of Australia 1944 - 1994", Allen & Urwin, Sydney, 1994 p. 290]

Preselection Challenge

In 1988 Howard commented that Immigration from Asia should be slowed down. This position attracted criticism from the Labor Party but also many of his colleagues in the Liberal Party, especially from those who had implemented multicultural policies under Fraser. In order to expose Liberal divisions on the issue, Prime Minister Bob Hawke moved a motion in Parliament that race or ethnic origin should never be criteria for becoming an immigrant to Australia. [cite web
title=Immigration policy: Suspension of Standing and Sessional Orders
work=Hansard
publisher=Parliament of Australia
date=25 August 1988
url=http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=440146&TABLE=HANSARDR] Macphee was one of the several Liberals who crossed the floor to support the motion and he received support from prominent Liberal Party politicians such as Nick Greiner and Jeff Kennett for his stand. [Henderson (1994), p. 298]

Early in the following year Macphee was challenged by conservative academic David Kemp for the Liberal preselection for his seat of Goldstein (Balaclava having been abolished in 1984). This challenge was portrayed in the media as a 'wet' versus 'dry' battle, although some commentators, such as Gerard Henderson, argued that Macphee had simply lost the support of the Liberal members in his electorate. [Henderson (1994), p. 299] Macphee blamed his loss on his decision to oppose Howard’s position on Asian Immigration. This event further crippled an already divided party and contributed to Howard losing the leadership back to Peacock in May 1989.

With the next election not due until 1990, Macphee briefly returned to Shadow Cabinet under Peacock, again serving as shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs, before returning to the backbench until the 1990 election when David Kemp was elected as the new member for Goldstein.

After Politics

Macphee has remained in public life. He has served on the board of CARE Australia and from 1994 he served as a director of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation for a period of five years. Macphee also worked with fellow former Liberal MP Alan Hunt in reforming the Victorian Legislative Council in a Constitutional Commission set up by the Bracks Labor Government.

Macphee has also been increasingly critical of the Howard Government, stating that he was "consistently outraged" by the Government’s position on refugee policy. He also publicly supported the 2005 ‘backbench revolt’ of Petro Georgiou, Judith Moylan, Bruce Baird and Russell Broadbent which saw the softening of some aspects of the legislation. [cite news
first=Meaghan
last=Shaw
title=Lib urges rethink on Coalition credibility
publisher=The Age
date=August 28 2004
url= http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/27/1093518098883.html?from=moreStories] [Macphee I.M., "Liberalism Gets a Hearing Again", The Australian, 20 June 2005 ]

Macphee is also highly critical of the Howard Government’s role in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/05/1046826435397.html]

References