Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes

Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes

The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6—June 8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that "the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor."

The 1912 eruption was the largest eruption by volume in the 20th century, erupting about convert|13|km3|cumi|sigfig=2|sp=us of material. Novarupta generated as many as 14 major earthquakes with magnitudes between M6 and M7, a level of energy release virtually unprecedented during volcanic eruptions in modern memory, and over 100 earthquakes greater than M5. Following the eruption, the summit of Mount Katmai subsided (collapsed) about convert|1200|m|ft|sigfig=2|sp=us, forming the central caldera.

Katmai is a stratovolcano, formed from alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The presence of pyroclastic materials indicates that some Katmai eruptions have been explosive. The subsidence of the summit to form the central caldera and the extraordinarily energetic earthquakes accompanying the 1912 eruption are evidence of this.

The ash-filled valley covers a convert|40|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2|adj=on area and is up to convert|700|ft|m|sigfig=2 deep. In places deep canyons have been cut by the River Lethe, allowing observers to see the ash flow strata. Since the ash has cooled, most of the fumaroles are now extinct and despite its name the valley is no longer filled with smoke. The signs of volcanic activity are still visible on nearby hills. Katmai's most recent eruption was in 1927, but there have been non-eruptive events as recent as 2003. The Alaska Volcano Observatory still monitors Katmai's activity as part of the Katmai Cluster, where there are 5 active stratovolcanos within convert|15|km|mi|0|sp=us of Katmai.

Visitors to the valley most commonly arrive via bus along the convert|20|mi|km|0|adj=on road from Brooks Camp, which is the only road in Katmai Park.

External links

* [http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/volcinfo.php?volcname=Katmai Alaska Volcano Observatory page on Katmai]
* [http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2778/ Maps of region]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes — …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes — region in SW Alas. in which steam and gases are emitted from thousands of earth vents …   English World dictionary

  • Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes — Vallée des Dix Mille Fumées Dix Mille Fumées Couche de débris pyroclastiques déposés par l éruption du Novarupta en 1912. Massif Péninsule d Alaska Pays …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes — Sp Dešimtiẽs Tūkstančių Dūmų slėnis Ap Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes L JAV (Aliaska) …   Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė

  • Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes — Val′ley of Ten′ Thou′sand Smokes′ n. geg a volcanic area in SW Alaska, in Katmai National Park …   From formal English to slang

  • Ten Thousand Smokes, Valley of — Volcanic region, southwestern Alaska, U.S. Located in Katmai National Park, the valley covers 56 sq mi (145 sq km). It was created in 1912 when the eruption of the Novarupta and Mount Katmai volcanoes covered the valley in a flow of lava. When an …   Universalium

  • Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes — geographical name volcanic region SW Alaska in Katmai National Park …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes — a volcanic area in SW Alaska, in Katmai National Monument. * * * …   Universalium

  • Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes — noun a volcanic area in south western Alaska, formed by the eruption of Mount Katmai in 1912 …  

  • Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes — a volcanic area in SW Alaska, in Katmai National Monument …   Useful english dictionary

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