Rous sarcoma virus

Rous sarcoma virus

Taxobox
name = "PAGENAME"
virus_group = vi
familia = "Retroviridae"
subfamilia = "Orthoretrovirinae"
genus = "Alpharetrovirus"
species = "Rous sarcoma virus"

Rous sarcoma virus is a retrovirus and is the first oncovirus to have been described: it causes sarcoma in chickens.

As with all retroviruses, it reverse transcribes its RNA genome into cDNA before integration into the host DNA.

History

RSV was discovered in 1911 by Peyton Rous, working at Rockefeller University in New York City, by injecting cell free extract of chicken tumour into healthy Plymouth Rock chickens. The extract was found to induce oncogenesis. The tumour was found to be composed of connective tissue (a sarcoma).

Rous was awarded the Nobel Prize for the significance of his discovery in 1966.

tructure and genome

RSV is a class VI enveloped virus with a positive sense RNA genome having a DNA intermediate.

RSV has four genes:
*gag - encodes capsid proteins
*pol - encodes reverse transcriptase
*env - encodes envelope proteins and
*src - encodes a tyrosine kinase that attaches phosphate groups to the amino acid tyrosine in host cell proteins.

The RSV genome has terminal repeats enabling its integration into the host genome and also over expression of RSV genes.

rc gene

The src gene is oncogenic as it triggers uncontrolled growth in abnormal host cells. It is an acquired gene, found to be present throughout the animal kingdom with high levels of conservation between species.

The src gene was taken up by RSV and incorporated into its genome conferring it with the advantage of being able to stimulate uncontrolled mitosis of host cells, providing abundant cells for fresh infection.

The src gene is not essential for RSV proliferation but it greatly increases virulence when present.

External links

* [http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/RSV.html the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) at rcn.com]
* [http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/gallery/cells/cv1/cv1cells.html molecular expressions at magnet.fsu.edu]
*


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Rous sarcoma virus — n a single stranded RNA virus of the family Retroviridae (species Rous sarcoma virus of the genus Alpharetrovirus) that contains an oncogene causing Rous sarcoma * * * (RSV) a usually defective virus of the genus Alpharetrovirus that produces… …   Medical dictionary

  • Rous sarcoma virus — Rous sarcoma virus. См. вирус саркомы Рaуса. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) primer binding site (PBS) — This family represents a structured region around the Rous sarcoma virus primer binding site (PBS). This region is known to be required for the efficient initiation of reverse transcription. [cite journal | last = Johnson | first = M | coauthors …   Wikipedia

  • Rous sarcoma virus — The virus responsible for the classic first cell free transmission of a solid tumour, the chicken sarcoma, first reported by Rous in 1911. An avian C type oncorna virus, original source of the src oncogene …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • Rous-Sarkom-Virus — Systematik Reich: Viren Familie: Retroviridae Unterfamilien: Orthoretrovirinae Gattung: Alpharetrovirus …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Rous-associated virus — (RAV) a helper virus in whose presence a defective Rous sarcoma virus is able to form a protein coat …   Medical dictionary

  • Rous sarcoma — rau̇s n a readily transplantable malignant fibrosarcoma of chickens that is caused by the Rous sarcoma virus Rous Francis Peyton (1879 1970) American pathologist. Rous spent almost all of his career as a researcher at the Rockefeller Institute of …   Medical dictionary

  • sarcoma virus — Virus that causes tumours originating from cells of connective tissue such as fibroblasts. See Rous sarcoma virus, and src gene …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • Rous sarcoma — noun Etymology: F. Peyton Rous died 1970 American physician Date: circa 1911 a sarcoma of chickens caused by a retrovirus (species Rous sarcoma virus of the genus Alpharetrovirus) …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • rous sarcoma — noun also rous sarcoma or rous s sarcoma ˈrau̇s(ə̇z) Usage: usually capitalized R Etymology: after F. Peyton Rous b1879 American physician : a readily transplantable malignant spindle cell sarcoma of chickens that is transmissible by cell free… …   Useful english dictionary

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