- Pope John XII
Infobox Pope
English name=John XII
birth_name=Ottaviano
term_start=December 16, 955
term_end=May 14, 964
predecessor=Agapetus II
successor=Leo VIII
birth_date=c. 937
birthplace=Rome ,Italy
dead=dead|death_date=death date|964|5|14|mf=y
deathplace=Rome ,Italy
other=JohnJohn XII (c. 937–
May 14 ,964 ), wasPope fromDecember 16 ,955 toMay 14 ,964 . The son ofAlberic II , Patrician of Rome (932–954), and his daughter Alda of Vienne, he was a seventh generation descendant ofCharlemagne on his mother's side.Before Alberic's death he administered an oath to the Roman nobles in St. Peter's, that on the next vacancy of the papal chair his only son, Octavius, should be elected pope. He succeeded his father as Patrician of Rome in 954, at only seventeen years of age. After the death of the reigning pontiff,
Agapetus II , Octavius, then eighteen years of age, was actually chosen his successor on 16 December, 955. His original name was Octavius, but when he assumed the papal see as successor toPope Agapetus II (946–955), he adopted the apostolic name of John XII. This was the second example of taking aregnal name upon elevation to the papal chair, the first beingPope John II (533–535). Pope John XII was a coarse, immoral man, whose life was such that theLateran was spoken of as abrothel , and the moral corruption in Rome became the subject of general disgrace.An account of the charges leveled against him from "
Patrologia Latina " includes:Then, rising up, the
cardinal priest Peter testified that he himself had seen John XII celebrate Mass without taking communion. John,bishop of Narni , and John, acardinal deacon , professed that they themselves saw that a deacon had been ordained in a horse stable, but were unsure of the time. Benedict, cardinal deacon, with other co-deacons and priests, said they knew that he had been paid for ordainingbishop s, specifically that he had ordained a ten-year-old bishop in the city ofTodi ... They testified about hisadultery , which they did not see with their own eyes, but nonetheless knew with certainty: he had fornicated with thewidow of Rainier, with Stephana his father'sconcubine , with the widow Anna, and with his own niece, and he made the sacred palace into a whorehouse. They said that he had gone hunting publicly; that he had blinded hisconfessor Benedict, and thereafter Benedict had died; that he had killed John, cardinalsubdeacon , after castrating him; and that he had set fires, girded on a sword, and put on a helmet andcuirass . All, clerics as well as laymen, declared that he had toasted to the devil with wine. They said when playing at dice, he invoked Jupiter, Venus and otherdemon s. They even said he did not celebrateMatins and thecanonical hours nor did he make the sign of the cross.Enemies defeated him in battle and occupied lands that belonged to the popes. In order to protect himself against the intrigues in
Rome and the power of Berengar II of Italy (950–963), John made a deal withOtto I , king of the Germans. He pledged allegiance to Otto and crowned him emperor of the Holy Roman Empire onFebruary 2 ,962 . In return, Otto promised to recognize only John as pope. Ten days later, the pope and emperor ratified the "Diploma Ottonianum ", under which the emperor became the guarantor of the independence of the papal states. This was the first effective guarantee of such protection since the Carolingian Empire. After Otto left Rome and reconquered the Papal States from Berengar, however, John became fearful of the emperor's power and sent envoys to the Magyars and theByzantine Empire to form a league against Otto. His intrigues were discovered by Otto I, who, after defeating and imprisoning Berengar II, returned to Rome. Otto I subsequently summoned a council which deposed John XII, who was in hiding in the mountains ofCampania , and electedPope Leo VIII (963–965) in his stead.An attempt at a revolt was made by the inhabitants of Rome even before Otto I left the city. Upon his departure, John XII returned at the head of a formidable company of friends and retainers, thus causing Leo VIII to seek safety in immediate flight. The Emperor determined to make an effort in support of Leo VIII, but before he reached the city John XII had died. The manner of his death is uncertain, although it was rumored that he was murdered by a jealous husband whose wife had been discovered receiving the sexual affections of the Pope.Fact|date=February 2008
Pope Benedict V (964) soon succeeded him but was successfully deposed byLeo VIII .ee also
*
List of ages of popes
*List of sexually active popes References
*Russell Chamberlin. 2003. "
The Bad Popes ". Sutton Publishing. p. 955-963.
*1911External links
* http://www.rotten.com/library/bio/religion/popes/john-xii/
* [http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_0955-0963-_Ioannes_XII.html Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes]
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