Minangkabau language

Minangkabau
Baso Minangkabau
Spoken in	Indonesia  Malaysia
Region	West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, Bengkulu, North Sumatra, Aceh (Indonesia), Negeri Sembilan (Malaysia)
Native speakers	5.5 million  (2007)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian Malayic Malayan Para-Malay Minangkabau
Language codes
ISO 639-2	min
ISO 639-3	min

The Minangkabau language (autonym: Baso Minang(kabau); Indonesian: Bahasa Minangkabau) is an Austronesian language, spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, the western part of Riau, South Aceh Regency, the northern part of Bengkulu and Jambi, also in several cities throughout Indonesia by migrated Minangkabau, who often trade or have a restaurant.^[1] The language is also a lingua franca along the western coastal region of the province of North Sumatra, and is even used in parts of Aceh, where the language is called Aneuk Jamee. It is also spoken in a part of Malaysia.

Due to great grammatical similarities between the Minangkabau language and Malay, there is some controversy regarding the relationship between the two. Some see Minangkabau as a dialect of Malay, while others think of Minangkabau as a proper (Malay) language.

Malaysia

Besides Indonesia, Minangkabau is also spoken in Malaysia, by some descendants of migrants from the Minang-speaking region in Sumatra (Tanah Minang, or Land of the Minang). Significant numbers of the early migrants settled in what is now the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan, which is kown as "Baso Nogoghi".

Dialects

The Minangkabau language has several dialects, sometimes differing between nearby villages (e.g. separated by a river). The dialects are Rao Mapat Tunggul, Muaro Sungai Lolo, Payakumbuh, Pangkalan-Lubuk Alai, Agam-Tanah Datar, Pancungsoal, Kotobaru, Sungai Bendung Air, and Karanganyar.^[2] In everyday communication between Minangkabau people of different regions, the Agam-Tanah Datar dialect (Baso Padang or Baso Urang Awak "our (people's) language") is often used and has become a kind of standard.

Example Sentences

Baso Minangkabau:	Ba'a kaba?
Indonesian/Malay:	Apa kabar? or Bagaimana kabar anda?
English:	How are you?.
Baso Minangkabau:	Lai baiak-baiak se nyo. Sanak ba'a?
Indonesian/Malay:	Saya baik-baik saja. Bagaimana dengan anda?
English:	I'm very well. How about you?
Baso Minangkabau:	Sia namo sanak?
Indonesian/Malay:	Siapa nama anda?
English:	What is your name?.
Baso Minangkabau:	Namo ambo John
Indonesian/Malay:	Nama saya John
English:	My name is John.
Baso Minangkabau:	Tarimo Kasih
Indonesian/Malay:	Terima Kasih
English:	Thank you.
Baso Minangkabau:	Sadang kayu di rimbo ndak samo tinggi, kok kunun manusia (expression)
Indonesian/Malay:	Sedangkan pohon di hutan tidak sama tinggi, apalagi manusia
English:	Even the trees in the jungle are not all of the same height, let alone the people.
Baso Minangkabau:	Co a koncek baranang co itu inyo (expression)
Indonesian/Malay:	Bagaimana katak berenang seperti itulah dia.
English:	The way a frog swims, the way he does. (doing something without having a goal)
Baso Minangkabau:	Indak buliah mambuang sarok disiko!
Indonesian/Malay:	Tidak boleh membuang sampah di sini!
English:	Do not dump rubbish here!
Baso Minangkabau:	Ijan di pacik! Biko tangan ang kanai api.
Indonesian/Malay:	Jangan disentuh! Nanti tangan kamu terbakar.
English:	Do not touch it! Your hand will be burnt later.

numbers:

Baso Minangkabau:	ciek
Indonesian/Malay:	satu
English:	one.
Baso Minangkabau:	duo
Indonesian/Malay:	dua
English:	two.
Baso Minangkabau:	tigo
Indonesian/Malay:	tiga
English:	three.
Baso Minangkabau:	ampek
Indonesian/Malay:	empat
English:	four.
Baso Minangkabau:	limo
Indonesian/Malay:	lima
English:	five.
Baso Minangkabau:	anam
Indonesian/Malay:	enam
English:	six.
Baso Minangkabau:	tujuah
Indonesian/Malay:	tujuh
English:	seven.
Baso Minangkabau:	salapan
Indonesian/Malay:	delapan
English:	eight.
Baso Minangkabau:	sambilan
Indonesian/Malay:	sembilan
English:	nine.
Baso Minangkabau:	sapuluah
Indonesian/Malay:	sepuluh
English:	ten.
Baso Minangkabau:	sabaleh
Indonesian/Malay:	sebelas
English:	eleven.
Baso Minangkabau:	duo baleh
Indonesian/Malay:	dua belas
English:	twelve.
Baso Minangkabau:	salapan baleh
Indonesian/Malay:	delapan belas
English:	eighteen.
Baso Minangkabau:	duo puluah
Indonesian/Malay:	dua puluh
English:	twenty.
Baso Minangkabau:	saratuih
Indonesian/Malay:	seratus
English:	one hundred.
Baso Minangkabau:	duo ratuih
Indonesian/Malay:	dua ratus
English:	two hundreds.
Baso Minangkabau:	saribu
Indonesian/Malay:	seribu
English:	one thousand.
Baso Minangkabau:	limo ribu
Indonesian/Malay:	lima ribu
English:	five thousands.

Literature

• Nurlela Adnan, Ermitati, Rosnida M. Nur, Pusat Bahasa (Indonesia), Balai Pustaka (Persero), PT. 2001 - Indonesian-Minangkabau dictionary (Kamus bahasa Indonesia-Minangkabau), 841 pages.
• Tata Bahasa Minangkabau, Gerard Moussay

(original title La Langue Minangkabau, translated from French by Rahayu S. Hidayat), ISBN 979-9023-16-5.

Reference

1. ^ Kajian Serba Lingustik : Untuk Anton Moeliono Pereksa Bahasa (2000)
2. ^ Nadra, Reniwati, and Efri Yades, Daerah Asal dan Arah Migrasi Orang Minangkabau di Provinsi Jambi Berdasarkan Kajian Variasi Dialektikal (2008)

See also

• Minangkabau people
• Overseas Minangkabau

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