Yellow-tailed Oriole

Taxobox
name = Yellow-tailed Oriole

---

status = LC
status_system = iucn3.1
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Passeriformes
familia = Icteridae
genus = Icterus
species = "I. mesomelas "
binomial = "Icterus mesomelas "
binomial_authority =(Wagler, 1829)

The Yellow-tailed Oriole, "Icterus mesomelas", is a passerine bird in the New World family Icteridae. It breeds from southern Mexico to western Peru and northwestern Venezuela; in Peru it also lives in a river valley corridor.

The Yellow-tailed Oriole is 22-23 cm long and weighs 70 g. It is mainly yellow with a black back, lower face and upper breast. The wings are black with a yellow epaulet and the tail is black with yellow sides. This is the only oriole with prominent yellow in the tail, hence the species’ name. The sexes are similar, but young birds have the black on the back and tail replaced with olive-green.

There are four subspecies.
*Nominate "I. m. mesomelas", Mexico to Honduras, has yellow fringes to the tertials
* "I. m. salvinii", Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, has no yellow fringes to the tertials and is more orange than the nominate race.
* "I. m. carrikeri", Panama, Colombia and northwestern Venezuela, is like "salvinii", but less orange and smaller-billed.
* "I. m. taczanowskiis", Pacific South America from Ecuador to western Peru, has white fringes to the tertials.

The calls of this species include a "chick" and a "weechaw". The song is a melodic repetition of rich whistles, "chuck, chuck-yeeaow". It is often given as a duet, with the female’s response following or overlapping the male’s longer phrases.

This large oriole inhabits dense thickets, often with vines, " Heliconias" and similar dense growths, in swampy lowlands. The birds forage in pairs or small groups in denser vegetations than most orioles, mainly feeding on insects, although they will also take nectar and certain fruits such as Gumbo-limbo ("Bursera simaruba") [Foster (2007)] .

It builds a deep but thin cup nest 2 m high in a thorny scrub by a stream. It lays three dark-blotched white eggs, which hatch in 13 days with a further 14 days to fledging.

The Yellow-tailed Oriole is fairly common except in Peru and Venezuela, but is reducing in numbers in parts of its range because of persecution by the cage-bird trade; this species is valued for both its appearance and its beautiful song.

Footnotes

References

*|year=2004|id=54122|title=Icterus mesomelas|downloaded=12 May 2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
* (2007): The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico. "Bird Conservation International" 17(1): 45-61. doi|10.1017/S0959270906000554 [http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=936412 PDF fulltext]
* (2003): "Birds of Venezuela". Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
* (1999): "New World Blackbirds". Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-4333-1
* (1989): "A guide to the birds of Costa Rica". Comistock, Ithaca. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4

ee also

* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=9727 Yellow-tailed Oriole videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/20404500.htm Stamps] (for Ecuador, Mexico) with RangeMap
* [http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?VIREO_SESSION_ID=65b9f6a6ca49f42cebf33f6244f30083&Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=yellow-tailed+oriole&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Yellow-tailed Oriole photo gallery] VIREO [http://vireo.acnatsci.org/species_image.php?species=Icterus+mesomelas Photo-High Res--(Close-up)]
* [http://www.pbase.com/gtepke/image/25925494 Photo-High Res] --(Shows Yellow tail-feathers); [http://www.pbase.com/gtepke/image/25925493 Photo no. 2] ; [http://www.pbase.com/gtepke/panama Article] pbase–"Panama Birds"