1813

Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1813

January - March

* January 28 - Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" is published.
* February 11 - Fort Meigs: Leftwich is not successful, and when he leaves, Major Amos Stoddard assumes the command of the post.
* February 26 - The Secretary of War orders Colonel R. M. Johnson to hold in readiness (reserves) a regiment of mounted volunteers who will serve from 4-6 months after being called into active service.
* February - General Harrison sends out an expedition to burn the British vessels at Malden by going across Lake Erie via the Bass Islands in sleighs, but the ice is not hard enough and the expedition returns.
* March 4 - James Madison is sworn in as President of the United States, for his second term.
* March 22 - Col. R. M. Johnson puts out an order for raising a regiment of mounted volunteers in Kentucky.
* March 29 - Mexican War of Independence - Battle of Rosillo Creek: The Republican Army of the North defeats the Spanish Royalist Army in present-day Bexar County, Texas.

April - June

* April 8 - Colonel James Ball arrives at Fort Meigs with 200 dragoons.
* April 27 - War of 1812 - Battle of York: United States troops raid, destroy, but do not hold the capital of Ontario, York (present day Toronto, Ontario).
* May 2 - Battle of Lützen: Napoleon wins against the German alliance.
* May 11- Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Wentworth leave on an expedition to cross the Blue Mountains.
* May 20-May 21 - Battle of Bautzen: Napoleon again defeats his combined enemies.
* May 27 - War of 1812: In Canada, American forces capture Fort George.
* June 6
**War of 1812 - Battle of Stoney Creek: A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeat an American force 3 times its size under William Winder and John Chandler.
**Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Wentworth succeed in crossing the Blue Mountains and return home.
* June 21 - Peninsular War - Battle of Vitoria: A British, Spanish, and Portuguese force of 78,000 with 96 guns under Wellington defeats a French force of 58,000 with 153 guns under Joseph Bonaparte.

July - September

* July 5 - War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin.
* July 13 - Missionaries Adoniram Judson and his wife Ann Hasseltine Judson arrive in Burma.
* August 19 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's second triumvirate.
* August 23 - Battle of Großbeeren: Napoleon is defeated by Prussia and Sweden.
* August 26 - Battle of Katzbach: Napoleon's troops are defeated by Prussia and Russia.
* August 26-August 27 - Battle of Dresden: Napoleon's troops are victorious.
* August 29-August 30 - Battle of Kulm: Napoleon's troops are defeated by Russia, Prussia and Austria.
* August 31: After besieging San Sebastian, allied troops of Spain rampage, ransack and burn down the town almost entirely.
* September - Robert Southey becomes Poet Laureate of Britain.
* September 6 - Battle of Dennewitz: The armies of Napoleon are again defeated by Prussia and Russia.
* September 10 - War of 1812 - Battle of Lake Erie: An American squadron under Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry defeats a British squadron, capturing 6 ships.

October - December

* October 5 - War of 1812 - Battle of the Thames: William Henry Harrison defeats the British, and native leader Tecumseh is killed in battle.
* October 14 - After a ceremony in Caracas, Venezuela, the municipality gives Simón Bolívar the title of "El Libertador".
* October 16-October 19 - Battle of Leipzig: Napoleon is defeated.
* October 24-November 5 - Persia and Russia sign the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813 at the end of the first Russo-Persian Wars (1804-1813) by which Persia (Iran) loses all its territories to the north of Aras River to the Russians.
* October 25 - War of 1812 - Battle of Chateauguay: Charles de Salaberry defeats an American invasion at the
* November 11 - War of 1812 - Battle of Crysler's Farm: the Americans are defeated by the British.
* November 21 - An independent government is restored in the Netherlands.
* December 29 - War of 1812: British soldiers burn Buffalo, New York.

Undated

* Russian troops reach and take Berlin without a fight after the French garrison evacuates the city.
* Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking "Trait des poisons", formalizing the field of toxicology.
* George Hamilton-Gordon serves as ambassador extraordinaire in Vienna.
* Following the death of his father Wossen Seged, Sahle Selassie arrives at the capital Qundi before his other brothers, and is made Meridazmach of Shewa.
* The Philomathean Society of the University of Pennsylvania is founded (the oldest continuously-existing literary society in the United States).

Ongoing events

* Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Peninsular War/Sixth Coalition
* War of 1812 (1812-1815)

Births

January - June

* January 19 - Sir Henry Bessemer, English inventor (d. 1898)
* January 21 - John C. Frémont, American soldier and explorer (d. 1890)
* January 26 - Juan Pablo Duarte, founder of the Dominican Republic (d. 1876)
* February 11 - Otto Ludwig, German writer (d. 1865)
* February 15 - Frederick Holbrook, Vermont governor (d. 1909)
* March 18 - Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright (d. 1863)
* March 19 - David Livingstone, Scottish missionary and explorer (d. 1873)
* March 21 - James Strang, Mormon splinter group leader (d. 1856)
* March 27 - Nathaniel Currier, American illustrator (d. 1888)
* April 23 - Stephen A. Douglas, U.S. Senator from Illinois and Presidential candidate (d. 1861)
* May 5 - Soren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (d. 1855)
* May 21 - Robert Murray M'Cheyne, Scottish clergyman (d. 1843)
* May 22 - Richard Wagner, German composer (d. 1883)
* June 24 - Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and reformer (d. 1887)

July - December

* July 19 - Samuel M. Kier, American industrialist (d. 1874)
* September 17 - John Sedgwick, Union Army General, American Civil War (d. 1864)
* September 24 - Gerardo Barrios, President of El Salvador (d. 1865)
* October 10 - Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (d. 1901)
* October 17 - Georg Büchner, German playwright (d. 1837)
* November 30 - Charles-Valentin Alkan, French composer (d. 1888)
* December 19 - Thomas Andrews, Irish chemist (d.1885)
*"date unknown" - John Miley, American Methodist theologian (d. 1895)

Deaths

January - June

* January 6 - Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers, French general (b. 1764)
* January 20 - Christoph Martin Wieland, German writer (b. 1733)
* February 13 - Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1725)
* February 26 - Robert Linvingston, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1746)
* April 10 - Joseph Louis Lagrange, Italian mathematician (b. 1746)
* April 27 - Zebulon Pike, American general (b. 1779)
* April 28 - Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (b. 1745)
* May 1 - Jean-Baptiste Bessières, French marshal (killed in combat) (b. 1768)
* May 23 - Geraud Duroc, French general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1772)
* June 6 - Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect (b. 1739)
* June 17 - Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, English sailor and politician (b. 1726)
* June 28 - Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general (b. 1755)

July - December

* July 29 - Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (suicide) (b. 1771)
* August 11 - Henry James Pye, English poet (b. 1745)
* August 15-Abigail Amelia, First born daughter Of John and Abigail Adams (b.1765)
* August 23 - Alexander Wilson, Scottish-born ornithologist (b. 1766)
* September 2 - Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1763)
* 13 September - Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
* October 5 - Tecumseh, Shawnee leader
* October 19 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
* November 12 - Jean de Crévecoeur, French-American writer (b. 1735)
* December 13 - William Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin (b. 1731)
* December 24 - Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (b. 1740)
*"date unknown" - Wossen Seged, Meridazmach of Shewa (murdered) (b. 1808)