1554

Year 1554 was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events of 1554

January - June

* January 5 - A great fire breaks out in Eindhoven, Netherlands.
* January 25 - São Paulo, Brazil is founded.
* February - Thomas Wyatt surrenders to government forces in London.
* February 12 - After claiming the throne of England the previous year, Lady Jane Grey is beheaded for treason alongside her husband.
* March 17 - Princess Elizabeth is imprisoned in The Tower.
* April 12 - Mary of Guise becomes Regent of Scotland.
* May 21 - A Royal Charter is granted to Derby School at Derby, England.

July - December

* July 23 - 25 - Queen Mary I of England marries King Philip of Naples, the only son of Emperor Charles V, in Winchester, England.
* August 2 - Battle of Marciano: Senese-French forces are defeated by the Florentine-Imperial army.
* August 12 - Battle of Renty: French forces led by Francis, Duke of Guise turn back an invasion of Picardy by Charles V.

Undated

* Mikael Agricola becomes the bishop of Turku.
* Saadi conquest the Kingdom of Fez

Births

* January 9 - Pope Gregory XV (d. 1623)
* January 20 - King Sebastian of Portugal (d. 1578)
* March - Richard Hooker, Anglican theologian (d. 1600)
* March 26 - Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne, French military leader (d. 1611)
* April - Stephen Gosson, English satirist (d. 1624)
* May 20 - Paolo Bellasio, Italian composer (d. 1594)
* October 3 - Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, English poet (d. 1628)
* November 30 - Sir Philip Sidney, English courtier and poet (d. 1586)
* December 19 - Philip William, Prince of Orange (d. 1618)
*"date unknown"
**Jacques Bongars, French scholar and diplomat (d. 1612)
**James Lancaster, English navigator (d. 1618)
**Walter Raleigh, English writer, poet, and explorer (d. 1618)
**Francis Throckmorton, English conspirator (d. 1584)

Deaths

* January 1 - Pedro de Valdivia, Spanish conquistador (b. c. 1500)
* January 16 - Christiern Pedersen, Danish humanist (b. c. 1480)
* February 12
**Lord Guilford Dudley, consort of Lady Jane Grey (executed) (b. 1536)
**Lady Jane Grey, claimant to the throne of England (executed) (b. 1537)
* February 21 - Hieronymus Bock, German botanist (b. 1498)
* February 23 - Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English politician (executed) (b. c.1515)
* March 3 - John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (b. 1503)
* April 11 - Thomas Wyatt the Younger, English rebel (executed) (b. 1521)
* August 25 - Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1473)
* September 22 - Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, Spanish conquistador (b. c. 1510)
* December 22 - Alessandro Bonvicino, Italian painter (b. 1498)
*"date unknown"
**Leo Africanus, Sudanese writer (b. 1485)
**Sebastiano Serlio, Italian architect (b. 1475)
**John Taylor, Bishop of Lincoln (b. 1503)