- Keiō
nihongo|Keiō|慶応 was a nihongo|Japanese era name|年号,|"nengō",| lit. "
year name" after "Genji " and before " Meiji." The period spanned the years from1865 to1868 . The reigning emperors were nihongo|Kōmei-"tennō"|孝明天皇 and nihongo|Meiji-"tennō"|明治天皇.Change of era
*;
May 1 ,1865 : The new era name of "Keiō" (meaning "Jubilant Answer") was created to mark the rebellion atHamaguri Gate. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in "Genji" 2.Events of the "Keiō" era
* "Keiō 2" (
1866 ): "Goryōkaku " completed
* "Keiō 2", on the 20th day of the 8th month (September 28 ,1866 ): Shogun Iemochi died at Osaka; and the bakufu petitioned that Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu should be appointed as his successor.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). "Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869," p. 326.]
* "Keiō 2", on the 5th day of the 12th month (January 10 ,1867 ): Yoshinobu was appointed shogun. [see above] ]
* "Keiō 2", on the 25th day of the 12th month (January 30 ,1867 ): Emperor Komei died. [see above] ]
* "Keiō 3", on the 15th day of the 10th month (November 10 ,1867 ): An Imperial edict was issued sanctioning the restoration of Imperial government. [see above] ]
* "Keiō 3", on the 10th day of the 12th month (January 6 ,1868 ): [Ponsonby-Fane's published nengō would have this be the 4th of January rather than the 6th.] The restoration of the Imperial government was announced to the kuge. The year 1868 began as Keio 3, and did not become Meiji 1 until the 8th day of the 9th month of Keio 4, i.e., October 23rd; although retrospectively, it was be quoted as the first year of the new era from the 25th of January onwards. [see above] ]
* "Keiō 4", on the 3rd of the 1st month (1868 ): TheBoshin War begins with theBattle of Toba-Fushimi .
* "Keiō 4", on the 17th day of the 7th month (September 3, 1868): Edo was renamed "Tokyo," i.e. meaning "Eastern Capital." [Ponsonby-Fane, p. 327.]
* "Keiō 4", on the 23rd of the 8th month (October 8 ,1868 ):Battle of Aizu begins.
* "Keiō 4", on the 27th day of the 8th month, (October 12, 1868): Emperor Meiji is crowned in the Shishin-den in Kyoto.Ponsonby-Fane, p. 328.]
* "Keiō 4", on the 8th day of the 9th month (October 23, 1868): The nengō is formally changed from Keiō to Meiji; and a general amnesty is granted. [see above] ]
** "Meiji 2", on the 23rd day of the 10th month (1868): The emperor went to Tokyo; and Edo castle became an Imperial palace. [see above] ]*
Keio University , which was initially established in "Ansei " 5 (1858 ), seven years before the beginning of the "Keio" era, is named after this era. This is the oldest existing institution of higher learning in Japan. [Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). "The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio," p. 21.]References
* Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). "The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan." [Translated by Fujiko Hara] . Princeton:
Princeton University Press . 10-ISBN 0-691-05095-3 (cloth)
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). "Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869." Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society.External links
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ ...historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]
* National Archives of Japan [http://jpimg.digital.archives.go.jp/jpg_prg/jgmWeb?%TmpFileDisp%env=jpeg2k_images/emaki/boshin/002_e.env ...Scroll image showing precise reproduction of Imperial standard and colors, Boshin War (1868)]Keiō 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Gregorian 1865 1866 1867 1868 Preceded by:
"Genji "Era or "nengō": Keiō "'Succeeded by:
"Meiji"
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