Master of the Rolls

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The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the second most senior judge in England and Wales, after the Lord Chief Justice. The Master of the Rolls is the presiding officer of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal. The first record of a Master of the Rolls is from 1286, although it is believed that the office probably existed earlier than that.^[1]

The Master of the Rolls was initially a clerk responsible for keeping the "Rolls", or records, of the Chancery court, and was known as the Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery.^[2] The Keeper was the most senior of the dozen Chancery clerks, and as such occasionally acted as keeper of the Great Seal of the Realm.^[3] The post evolved into a judicial one as the Court of Chancery did; the first reference to judicial duties dates from 1520.^[4] With the Judicature Act 1873, the Master transferred from the now-defunct Court of Chancery to the Court of Appeal.^[5] The Master still retained his clerical functions by serving as the nominal head of the Public Record Office (PRO) until 1958. However, the Public Records Act of that year transferred responsibility for the PRO from the Master of the Rolls to the Lord Chancellor. The Master of the Rolls is also responsible for registering solicitors, the officers of the Senior Courts.^[6]

The present Master of the Rolls is Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, who succeeded Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony on 1 October 2009, when Lord Clarke became the first directly appointed member of the newly created Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

List of Masters of the Rolls

Thomas Cromwell, a highly influential figure during the reign of Henry VIII

Sir Thomas Egerton, who served as Lord Keeper and Lord Chancellor for 21 years

Sir John Trevor, the last Speaker of the British House of Commons to resign in over 400 years until the resignation of Michael Martin in 2009

Sir Nathaniel Lindley, who made key judgments in a variety of important cases and was the last Serjeant-at-Law appointed, the last to sit as a judge and the last surviving.

Sir Thomas Bingham, who helped establish the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

No.	Name	Period		Other positions	Notes
1	Langton, JohnJohn Langton	2 September 1286	1 October 1295	Lord Chancellor 1292–1302, 1307–1310	[7][8]
2	Osgodby, AdamAdam Osgodby	1 October 1295	19 August 1316	—	[7]
3	Airmyn, WilliamWilliam Airmyn	19 August 1316	26 May 1324	—	[7]
4	Airmyn, RichardRichard Airmyn	26 May 1324	4 July 1325	—	[7]
5	Cliffe, HenryHenry Cliffe	4 July 1325	20 January 1334	—	[7]
6	Wrath, MichaelMichael Wrath	20 January 1334	28 April 1337	—	[7]
7	St Paul, JohnJohn St Paul	28 April 1337	10 January 1341	—	[9]
8	Evesham, ThomasThomas Evesham	10 January 1341	21 February 1341	—	[9]
9	Thoresby, JohnJohn Thoresby	21 February 1341	2 July 1346	—	[9]
10	Wollore, DavidDavid Wollore	2 July 1346	28 March 1371	—	[9]
11	Burstall, WilliamWilliam Burstall	28 March 1371	8 September 1381	—	[9]
12	Waltham, JohnJohn Waltham	8 September 1381	24 October 1386	Lord Privy Seal 1386–1389, Lord Chancellor 1349–1356	[9][10]
13	Burton, JohnJohn Burton	24 October 1386	22 July 1394	—	[9]
14	Scarle, JohnJohn Scarle	22 July 1394	11 September 1397	Lord Chancellor 1399–1401	[9][11]
15	Stanley, ThomasThomas Stanley	11 September 1397	24 September 1402	—	[9]
16	Bubwith, NicholasNicholas Bubwith	24 September 1402	2 March 1405	Lord Privy Seal 1405–1406, Lord High Treasurer 1407–1408	[12][13]
17	Wakering, JohnJohn Wakering	2 March 1405	3 June 1415	Lord Privy Seal 1415–1416	[12][14]
18	Gauntsede, SimonSimon Gauntsede	3 June 1415	28 October 1423	—	[12]
19	Frank, JohnJohn Frank	28 October 1423	13 November 1438	—	[12]
20	Stopyndon, JohnJohn Stopyndon	13 November 1438	29 March 1447	—	[12]
21	Kirkeby, JohnJohn Kirkeby	29 March 1447	23 December 1461	—	[12]
22	Kirkeham, RobertRobert Kirkeham	23 December 1461	12 February 1471	—	[12]
23	Morland, WilliamWilliam Morland	12 February 1471	29 April 1471	—	[12]
24	Alcock, JohnJohn Alcock	29 April 1471	16 March 1472	Lord Chancellor 1475, 1485–1487	[12][15]
25	Morton, JohnJohn Morton	16 March 1472	9 January 1479	Lord Chancellor 1487–1500, Archbishop of Canterbury 1486–1500	[12][16]
26	Morton, RobertRobert Morton	9 January 1479	22 September 1483	—	[17]
27	Barowe, ThomasThomas Barowe	22 September 1483	22 August 1485	—	[17]
28	Morton, RobertRobert Morton	22 August 1485	26 February 1487	—	[17]
29	William, DavidDavid William	26 February 1487	5 May 1492	—	[17]
30	Blyth, JohnJohn Blyth	5 May 1492	13 February 1494	—	[17]
31	Warham, WilliamWilliam Warham	13 February 1494	1 February 1502	Keeper of the Great Seal 1502–1504, Lord Chancellor 1504–1515, Archbishop of Canterbury 1503–1532	[17][18]
32	Barnes, WilliamWilliam Barnes	1 February 1502	13 November 1504	—	[17]
33	Bainbridge, ChristopherChristopher Bainbridge	13 November 1504	22 January 1508	Archbishop of York 1508–1514	[17][19]
34	Yonge, JohnJohn Yonge	22 January 1508	12 May 1516	—	[20]
35	Tunstall, CuthbertCuthbert Tunstall	12 May 1516	20 October 1522	Lord Privy Seal 1523–1530	[20][21]
36	Clerk, JohnJohn Clerk	20 October 1522	9 October 1523	—	[20]
37	Hannibal, ThomasThomas Hannibal	9 October 1523	26 June 1527	—	[20]
38	Taylor, JohnJohn Taylor	26 June 1527	8 October 1534	—	[20]
39	Cromwell, ThomasThomas Cromwell	8 October 1534	10 July 1536	Secretary of State 1533–1536, Lord Privy Seal 1536–1540	[20][22]
40	Hales, ChristopherChristopher Hales	10 July 1536	1 July 1541	Solicitor General 1525–1529, Attorney General 1529–1536	[20][23]
41	Southwell, Sir RobertSir Robert Southwell	1 July 1541	13 December 1550	—	[20]
42	Beaumont, JohnJohn Beaumont	13 December 1550	18 June 1552	—	[20]
43	Bowes, Sir RobertSir Robert Bowes	18 June 1552	18 September 1553	—	[20]
44	HareSir Nicholas Hare	18 September 1553	5 November 1557	Speaker of the House of Commons 1539–1540	[24][25]
45	Cordell, Sir WilliamSir William Cordell	5 November 1557	30 May 1581	Solicitor General 1553–1557, Speaker of the House of Commons 1558	[24][26]
46	Gerard, Sir GilbertSir Gilbert Gerard	30 May 1581	10 April 1594	Attorney General 1559–1581	[24][27]
47	Egerton, Sir ThomasSir Thomas Egerton	10 April 1594	18 May 1603	Solicitor General 1581–1592, Attorney General 1592–1594, Lord Chancellor 1596–1617, First Lord of the Treasury 1613–1614	[24][28]
48	Bruce, EdwardEdward Bruce	18 May 1603	14 January 1611	—	[24]
49	PhelipsSir Edward Phelips	14 January 1611	1 September 1614	Speaker of the House of Commons 1603–1611	[24][29]
50	Caesar, Sir JuliusSir Julius Caesar	1 September 1614	18 April 1636	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1606–1614	[24]
51	Digges, Sir DudleySir Dudley Digges	18 April 1636	30 March 1639	—	[24]
52	CaesarSir Charles Caesar	30 March 1639	28 January 1643	—	[24]
53	Colepeper, The LordThe Lord Colepeper (royalist)	28 January 1643	3 November 1660	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1642–1643	[24][30]
54	Lenthall, WilliamWilliam Lenthall (parliamentary)	10 November 1643	14 May 1659	Speaker of the House of Commons 1640–1647, 1647–1653, 1654–1655, 1659–1660	[31][32]
55	Grimston, Sir HarbottleSir Harbottle Grimston	3 November 1660	12 January 1685	Speaker of the House of Commons 1660	[31][33]
56	Churchill, Sir JohnSir John Churchill	12 January 1685	20 October 1685	—	[31]
57	Trevor, Sir JohnSir John Trevor	20 October 1685	13 March 1689	—	[31]
58	Powle, Sir HenrySir Henry Powle	13 March 1689	13 January 1693	Speaker of the House of Commons 1689	[31][34]
59	Trevor, Sir JohnSir John Trevor	13 January 1693	13 July 1717	Speaker of the House of Commons 1685–1689, 1693–1717	[31][35]
60	Jekyll, Sir JosephSir Joseph Jekyll	13 July 1717	9 October 1738	—	[31]
61	Verney, JohnJohn Verney	9 October 1738	5 November 1741	—	[31]
62	Fortescue, WilliamWilliam Fortescue	5 November 1741	15 January 1750	—	[31]
63	Strange, Sir JohnSir John Strange	16 January 1750	18 May 1754	Solicitor General 1737–1742	[31][36]
64	Clarke, Sir ThomasSir Thomas Clarke	25 May 1754	13 November 1764	—	[37]
65	Sewell, Sir ThomasSir Thomas Sewell	4 December 1764	30 March 1784	—	[37]
66	Kenyon, Sir LloydSir Lloyd Kenyon	30 March 1784	4 June 1788	Attorney General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Lord Chief Justice 1788–1802	[37][38]
67	Arden, Sir RichardSir Richard Arden	4 June 1788	27 May 1801	Solicitor General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Attorney General 1784–1788, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1801–1804	[37][39]
68	Grant, Sir WilliamSir William Grant	1801	1817	Solicitor General 1799–1801	[37][40]
69	Plumer, Sir ThomasSir Thomas Plumer	6 January 1818	5 April 1824	Solicitor General 1807–1812, Attorney General 1812–1813	[37][41]
70	Gifford, The LordThe Lord Gifford	5 April 1824	14 September 1826	Solicitor General 1817–1819, Attorney General 1819–1824, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1824	[37][42]
71	Singleton Copley, Sir JohnSir John Singleton Copley	14 September 1826	3 May 1827	Solicitor General 1819–1824, Attorney General 1824–1826, Lord Chancellor 1827–1830, 1834–1835, 1841–1846	[37][43]
72	Leach, Sir JohnSir John Leach	3 May 1827	29 September 1834	Vice Chancellor of England 1818–1827	[37][44]
73	Pepys, Bt, Sir CharlesSir Charles Pepys, Bt	29 September 1834	16 January 1836	Solicitor General 1834, Lord Chancellor 1836–1841, 1846–1850	[37][45]
74	Langdale, The LordThe Lord Langdale	16 January 1836	28 March 1851	—	[46]
75	Romilly, The LordThe Lord Romilly	28 March 1851	30 August 1873	Solicitor General 1848, Attorney General 1850	[46]
76	Jessel, Sir GeorgeSir George Jessel	30 August 1873	21 March 1883	Solicitor General 1871–1873	[46][47]
77	Esher, The LordThe Lord Esher	3 April 1883	19 October 1897	Solicitor General 1868	[46][48]
78	Lindley, Sir NathanielSir Nathaniel Lindley	19 October 1897	9 May 1900	—	[46][49]
79	Alverstone, The LordThe Lord Alverstone	9 May 1900	24 October 1900	Lord Chief Justice 1900–1913	[46][50]
80	Levin Smith, Sir ArchibaldSir Archibald Levin Smith	24 October 1900	24 October 1901	—	[46]
81	Collins, Sir RichardSir Richard Collins	24 October 1901	6 March 1907	—	[46]
82	Cozens-Hardy, Sir HerbertSir Herbert Cozens-Hardy	6 March 1907	3 May 1918	Created Baron Cozens-Hardy in 1914.	[46]
83	Swinfen Eady, Sir CharlesSir Charles Swinfen Eady	3 May 1918	3 November 1919	—	[46]
84	Sterndale, The LordThe Lord Sterndale	3 November 1919	16 August 1923	President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division 1918–1919	[51][52]
85	Pollock, Sir ErnestSir Ernest Pollock	11 October 1923	7 October 1935	Solicitor General 1919–1922, Attorney General 1922, created Baron Hanworth in 1926.	[51][53]
86	Wright, The LordThe Lord Wright	7 October 1935	26 April 1937	—	[51]
87	Greene, Sir WilfredSir Wilfred Greene	26 April 1937	1 June 1949	—	[51]
88	Evershed, Sir RaymondSir Raymond Evershed	1 June 1949	19 April 1962	Created Baron Evershed in 1956.	[51]
89	Denning, The LordThe Lord Denning	19 April 1962	30 July 1982	—	[51]
90	Donaldson, Sir JohnSir John Donaldson	30 July 1982	1 October 1992	Created Baron Donaldson of Lymington in 1988.	[51]
91	Bingham, Sir ThomasSir Thomas Bingham	1 October 1992	4 June 1996	Lord Chief Justice 1996–2000; Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 2000-2008	[54]
92	Woolf, The LordThe Lord Woolf	4 June 1996	6 June 2000	Lord Chief Justice 2000–2005	[55]
93	Phillips of Worth Matravers, The LordThe Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers	6 June 2000	3 October 2005	Lord Chief Justice 2005–2008, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2009–present	[56]
94	Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony, TheThe Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony	3 October 2005	30 September 2009	Created Baron Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony in 2009; Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2009–present	[57]
95	Neuberger of Abbotsbury, The LordThe Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury	1 October 2009	Incumbent	—	[58]

References

1. ^ Sainty (1993) p. 144
2. ^ Hanworth (1935) p. 310
3. ^ Hanworth (1935) p. 316
4. ^ Hanworth (1935) p. 327
5. ^ "Oxford DNB theme:Masters of the Rolls". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/92826. Retrieved 13 October 2008. 
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7. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Sainty (1993) p. 145
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Bibliography

• Hanworth, Lord (1935). "Some Notes on the Office of Master of the Rolls". Cambridge Law Journal (Cambridge University Press) 5 (3). ISSN 0008-1973. 
• Sainty, John (1993). The Judges of England 1272–1990: a list of judges of the superior courts. Oxford: Selden Society. OCLC 29670782.