- Grand Battery
Grand Battery ("Grande Batterie", meaning big or great battery) was a French
artillery tactic of theNapoleonic wars . It involved massing all available batteries into a single large, temporary one, and concentrating the firepower of their guns at a single point in the enemy's lines.Substituting volume of fire for accuracy, rate of fire and rapid movement, it was rarely used in the wars' early years. But as the quality of artillery crews and their horses declined, it was employed more frequently during later (post
1808 ) campaigns.The Grand Battery was often concentrated against the enemy's center. An early example of this is at Austerlitz in
1805 , when Napoleon ordered a "roar of thunder" before the main assault upon the Pratzen Heights, which split the coalition's lines in half. Other notable uses of the tactic include; Wagram in1809 , where it successfully halted an Austrian counterattack. At Borodino in1812 , it was again used to break a counterattack, but it failed to break the strong Russian positions and earthworks in the center along the "Rayevski Redoubt". At theBattle of Lützen (1813) , it did succeed in breaking the Russo-Prussian center, ahead of the main assault by theImperial guard . Finally, in 1815 at Waterloo, the famous opening barrage of the Grande Batterie, failed to break the center of Wellington's Anglo-allied army, due to his judicious deployment of most of his forces behind the reverse slopes of the rolling hillside and the fact that the ground was still wet and muddy, preventing the usual effects of the bouncing cannonballs.Nearly half a century later, in 1863 on the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg,
Robert E. Lee , formed a Grand Battery of his own in a desperate attempt to weaken the Union center in advance ofPickett's Charge . But the artillery overshot most of their targets and had to cease fire due to a lack of ammunition.ee also
References and notes
Further reading
External links
* [http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/artillery_Napoleon.html French Artillery of the Napoleonic Wars]
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