Enrique Gaspar y Rimbau

Enrique Lucio Eugenio Gaspar y Rimbau (Madrid, March 2, 1842 – Olorón, September 7, 1902) was a Spanish diplomat and writer, who authored plays, "zarzuelas" (light operas), and novels.

Biography

Enrique Gaspar y Rimbau was born to parents who were actors. Upon the death of his father, he moved to Valencia with his mother and two siblings. He studied humanities and philosophy, though he never finished his studies, leaving in order to work in the commercial bank of the "marqués" of San Juan.

He had already written his first "zarzuela" by the age of 13, and at 14 he was writer at the "La Ilustración Valenciana". When he was 15 his mother put on a performance of his first comedy. He moved to Madrid when he was 21, in order to dedicate himself to writing.

His peak years as a writer were 1868 to 1875, when he wrote operas for the consumption of the bourgeoisie rather than the aristocracy. During this time, he also wrote historical dramas, and he became a pioneer of social theatre in Spain.

When he was 23, Gaspar y Rimbau married Enriqueta Batllés y Bertán de Lis, a beautiful aristocrat, to the displeasure of her parents. After the birth of their second child, he entered the diplomatic corps, at the age of 27.

He spent time in Greece and France, then Madrid, and eventually served as consul in China, first in Macau, and then in Hong Kong. During this time, he continued to write and mount operas, in addition to writing for "El Diario de Manila".

Upon his return to Spain, he moved to Olorón, though his family lived in Barcelona, where he put on an opera in Catalan. Later, he lived in various locations in the south of France. His wife died in Marseille, where he was consul. In poor health himself, he retired to Olorón with his daughter, son-in-law, and grandchildren. He died there in 1902 at the age of 60.

El anacronópete

Published in 1887 in Barcelona, "El anacronópete" (a neologism for "who flies against time") is one of Gaspar y Rimbau's most important works. It is a science fiction novel that predates H. G. Wells in the 'invention' of the time travel using a machine.

The novel, in the format of a "zarzuela", is the first to feature a machine that travels through time: the 'anacronópete'. The anacronópete is an enormous cast iron box, propelled by electricity, which drives four large pneumatical devices ending in tubes in order to travel, as well as powering other machinery, including something that produces the "García fluid", which causes the passengers not to grow younger as they travel backwards in time. The machine's interior also contains all kinds of conveniences including, among other marvels, brooms that sweep by themselves.

The machine provided the setting for a story in three acts, in which the following group of characters travel in time: don Sindulfo García, a scientist from Zaragoza and the inventor of the device; his friend and assistant Benjamín; Clarita, don Sindulfo's niece and ward; a maidservant; Captain Luis, Clarita's beloved; several Spanish hussars; and a number of old French women of 'loose morals' that the mayor of Paris wants to rejuvenate so that they "regenerate" themselves.

In the first act, don Sindulfo explains his theory of time: it is the atmosphere that causes time as demonstrated by the conservation of food in hermetic cans.By flying fast against the rotation of Earth, the machine can "undo" the passing of days (a device also found in the film "Superman"). They leave Paris, from the World's Fair of 1878, and travel to the Battle of Tetuán in 1860.Luis's troop of hussars, that Clarita expected would protect her against Sindulfo, has become children and disappear since they were not protected by the "fluid of inalterability".The machine departs, returning to Paris the day before they left, whereupon several 'rejuvenated' French girls disembark.

In the second act, they again travel into the past, seeking the secret of immortality, stopping at various moments in history, such as the Granada in 1492, where they recommend Queen Isabella to listen to a Genovese and Ravenna in 690 (in order to obtain provisions). They end up in Ho-nan, China in 220, where Sindulfo expected that he could force Clarita to marry him. The emperor Hien-ti shows the travellers that many inventions such as the printing press and iron ships were already known.Since his empress Sun-Che has just died, he offers to exchange Clarita for the secret of immortality.The empress had actually been buried alive by his husband and happens to be the original of a Chinese mummy Sindulfo had bought and brought into the machine.Thus, she becomes free and wants to marry Sindulfo.The characters have evolved, with Benjamín becoming obsessed with eternal life, don Sindulfo crazy with jealousy over Clarita, and Clarita in love with Captain Luis.Benjamín discovers that the disappearing hussars had reappeared again because their immortal spirits had not left the anacronópete and that Sindulfo's first wife was the same as the empress through metempsychosis.While they leave, Tsao Pi founds the Ouei dynasty.

In the third act, after a stop in Pompeii at the time of Vesuvius' eruption in the year 79, they arrive in the 30th century BCE, the time of Noah. There they discover the secret of eternal life is God. Finally, don Sindulfo in his madness speeds up the anacronopede, which explodes upon arriving at the Day of Creation.

Don Sindulfo wakes up.He has slept while watching a theatre play by Jules Verne, with the just-married Luis and Clarita.

It was written during Gaspar's mission to China [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/12604511990154841865846/p0000006.htm#I_43_ La obra narrativa de Enrique Gaspar: El Anacronópete (1887)] , María de los Ángeles Ayala, Universidad de Alicante. "Del Romanticismo al Realismo : Actas del I Coloquio de la S. L. E. S. XIX ", Barcelona, 24th-26th October 1996 / edited by Luis F. Díaz Larios, Enrique Miralles.] (1878-1885).The novel fits with the spirit of the age, in which the works of Jules Verne were very successful. It was undoubtedly influenced by his personal friend Camille Flammarion and his story "Lumen". "El Anacronópete", written in 1881, predates Mouton's "L'historioscope", and therefore could not have been influenced by that work.

The original edition by Daniel Cortezo was illustrated by Francesc Soler.It has been republished in 1999 in diskette by "Asociación Española de Fantasía, Ciencia-Ficción y Terror", in 2000 by "Círculo de Lectores". Minotauro republished the Círculo edition with the original illustrations in 2005 (ISBN 84-450-7565-9).

References

* cite book
last = Various writers
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 2002
title = La ciencia ficción española
publisher = Ediciones Robles
location = Madrid
id = ISBN 84-931827-3-7