Luo Binwang

Luo Binwang (zh-tspw|t=駱賓王|s=骆宾王|p=Luò Bīnwáng|w=Lo Pinwang, ca. 640–December 29, 684 [ [http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AD%F0&king=%A4%A4%A9v&reign=%B6%E0%B8t&yy=1&ycanzi=&mm=11&dd=18&dcanzi= 兩千年中西曆轉換 ] ] ), courtesy name Guanguang (觀光/观光), was a Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty. His family was from modern Wuzhou, Zhejiang, but he was raised in Shandong. Luo is grouped with Wang Bo, Yang Jiong (楊炯/杨炯) and Lu Zhaolin (盧照鄰/卢照邻) as one of the Four Greats of the Early Tang as the most outstanding writers of their time.

Early career

It was said that Luo Binwang could recite poetry when he was six years old. In adulthood, after a period serving on the staff of Li Yuanqing (李元慶) Prince of Dao, an uncle of then-ruling Emperor Gaozong, Luo worked in the central government in Chang'an from 665. In 670, he was exiled to Xinjiang, after which he travelled to Yunnan with the army.Fact|date=December 2007 He later served on staff of the prominent general Pei Xingjian (裴行儉) while Pei was serving as the commandant at Tao Prefecture (洮州, roughly modern Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai), and was in charge of the military correspondences, but he did not have a good relationship with Pei, who also disapproved of the other three greater writers grouped with Luo — Wang, Yang, and Lu, instead favoring the talents of Wang Bo's brother Wang Ju (王勮) and Su Weidao. Eventually, Luo became a secretary at the county government of Chang'an County — one of the two counties making up the capital Chang'an — a low position that was however considered fairly prestigious due to its location at the capital.

Participation in Li Jingye's rebellion

In 678, Luo Binwang was dismissed and imprisoned for criticising Wu Zetian, but was released the following year.Fact|date=December 2007 After Emperor Gaozong's death and the subsequent takeover of Emperor Gaozong's wife Empress Dowager Wu (later known as Wu Zetian) as regent over initially their son Emperor Zhongzong, whom she quickly deposed, and then Emperor Ruizong, Luo made a number of suggestions to her, which she did not accept, and he was in turn demoted to the post of secretary general of Linhai County in 684. [Technically, this was a "promotion", but Tang officials valued service in or near the capital, so Luo and everyone else around him would have perceived this as a demotion.] He and a number of similarly demoted officials met at Yang Prefecture (揚州, roughly modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and they, supporting Li Jingye the Duke of Ying as their leader, rose against Empress Dowager Wu at Yang Prefecture, claiming as their goal Emperor Zhongzong's restoration. Luo was in charge of the resistance forces' correspondences, and he wrote a particularly sharp-worded declaration against Empress Dowager Wu: ["Declaration on Xu Jingye's Behalf Against Wu Zhao", collected in "Guwen Guanzhi", vol. 7.]

It was said that when Empress Dowager Wu read the declaration, she smiled and laughed at what he wrote. However, when she reached the portion that read, "The soil on the new imperial tomb is not yet dry, and to whom can the two-meter-tall orphan be entrusted?" she turned solemn, and she commented, "It is the fault of the chancellors that we lost this man's service." After Li Jingye's defeat later that year, Luo was also killed, and Empress Dowager Wu, impressed with his writing, sent people to gather them and publish them. [The "Book of Tang" and the "New Book of Tang" had conflicting records on Luo's fate and the sovereign who collected and published his writings. The "Book of Tang" indicated that Luo was killed (an assertion later adopted by the "Zizhi Tongjian") and that after his death, Empress Dowager Wu collected and published his writings. The "New Book of Tang" indicated that Luo disappeared after the rebellion and that his fate was unknown, and that it was Emperor Zhongzong, after his later restoration to the throne in 705, who collected and published his writings. Compare [http://ef.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ccw/02/tan20.htm "Book of Tang", vol. 190, part 2] and "Zizhi Tongjian", vol. 203 with [http://ef.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ccw/02/ntan22.htm "New Book of Tang", vol. 201] .]

Style

In prose, he was a master of the ornate "bianwen" style. His poetry (mostly "gushi") is often similarly complex. Among his works is a long, autobiographical verse narrative, but he is best known for his poem "Ode to the Goose", said to have been written when he was seven years old. His "Ode to the Cicada" is also of great renown and influence.

References

* Ma, Maoyuan, [http://www.wordpedia.com/search/Content.asp?ID=64266 "Luo Binwang"] . "Encyclopedia of China" (Chinese Literature Edition), 1st ed.
* "Book of Tang", [http://ef.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ccw/02/tan20.htm vol. 190, part 2] .
* "New Book of Tang", [http://ef.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ccw/02/ntan22.htm vol. 201] .
* "Zizhi Tongjian", vol. 203.

External links

Wikisource has original works written by or about:

"{2|Luo Binwang}"

* [http://www.chinese-poems.com/lbw1.html "Ode to the Goose" in Chinese and English]
* [http://afpc.asso.fr/wengu/wg/wengu.php?l=Tangshi&no=93 A Political Prisoner Listening to a Cicada] , in Chinese with Witter Bynner's translation.