STS-75

Infobox Space mission
mission_name = STS-75
insignia = Sts-75-patch.png shuttle = Columbia
launch_pad = 39B
launch = February 22, 1996, 20:18:00 UTC
landing = March 9, 1996, 13:58:22 UTC, KSC, Runway 33
duration = 15 days, 17 hours, 40 minutes, 22 seconds
altitude = 155 nautical miles (287 km)
inclination = 57.0 degrees
orbits = 252
distance = 6,500,000 miles (10,500,000 km)
crew_photo = STS-75_crew.jpg
crew_caption =
previous = STS-72
next = STS-76

STS-75 was a United States Space Shuttle mission, the 19th mission of the "Columbia" orbiter.

Crew

* Commander: Andrew M. Allen (3)
* Pilot: Scott J. Horowitz (1)
* Mission Specialist 1: Jeffrey A. Hoffman (5)
* Mission Specialist 2: Maurizio Cheli (1) - flag|Italy ESA
* Mission Specialist 3: Claude Nicollier (3) - flag|Switzerland ESA
* Mission Specialist 4 & Payload Commander: Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (5)
* Payload Specialist: Umberto Guidoni (1) - flag|Italy ESA

Mission parameters

*Mass: 10,592 kg payload
*Perigee: 277 km
*Apogee: 320 km
*Inclination: 28.5°
*Period: 90.5 min

Mission objective

The primary objective of STS-75 was to carry the Tethered Satellite System Reflight (TSS-1R) into orbit and to deploy it spaceward on a conducting tether. The mission also flew the United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-3) designed to investigate materials science and condensed matter physics.

The TSS-1R mission was a reflight of TSS-1 which was flown onboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-46 in July/August of 1992. The Tether Satellite System circled the Earth at an altitude of 296 kilometers, placing the tether system within the rarefied electrically charged layer of the atmosphere known as the ionosphere.

STS-75 mission scientist hoped to deploy the tether to a distance of 20.7 km (12.9 mi). Over 19 kilometers of the tether were deployed before the tether broke. It remained in orbit for a number of weeks and was easily visible from the ground, appearing something like a small but surprisingly bright fluorescent light traveling through the sky.

The specific TSS1-R mission objectives were: characterize the current-voltage response of the TSS-orbiter system, characterize the satellites high-voltage sheath structure and current collection process, demonstrate electric power generation, verify tether control laws and basic tether dynamics, demonstrate the effect of neutral gas on the plasma sheath and current collection, characterize the TSS radio frequency and plasma wave emissions and characterize the TSS dynamic-electrodynamic coupling.

TSS-1R Science Investigations included: TSS Deployer Core Equipment and Satellite Core Equipment (DCORE/SCORE), Research on Orbital Plasma Electrodynamics (ROPE), Research on Electrodynamic Tether Effects (RETE), Magnetic Field Experiment for TSS Missions (TEMAG), Shuttle Electrodynamic Tether System (SETS), Shuttle Potential and Return Electron Experiment (SPREE), Tether Optical Phenomena Experiment (TOP), Investigation of Electromagnetic Emissions by the Electrodynamic Tether (EMET), Observations at the Earth's Surface of Electromagnetic Emissions by TSS (OESSE), Investigation and Measurement of Dynamic Noise in the TSS (IMDN), Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of TSS Dynamics (TEID) and the Theory and Modeling in Support of Tethered Satellite Applications (TMST).

The USMP-3 payload consisted of four major experiments mounted on two Mission Peculiar Experiment Support Structures (MPESS) and three Shuttle Mid-deck experiments. The experiments were: Advanced Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (AADSF), Material pour l'Etude des Phenomenes Interessant la Solidification sur Terre et en Orbite (MEPHISTO), Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE), Critical Fluid Light Scattering Experiment (ZENO) and Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE).

Trivia

STS-75 also was the first use of Linux operating system on orbit. An older Digital Unix program, originally on DEC Alpha servers, was ported to run on Linux on a laptop. The next use of Linux was a year later, on STS-83. [http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ftp/news/1997/spc0317.txt]

STS-75 was the shuttle mission described in the fictional NASA Document 12-571-3570, written by astronomer and scientific writer Pierre Kohler. This hoax document reports of experiments to determine effective sexual positions in zero gravity. Although the document describes heterosexual sex, all crew members aboard STS-75 were male.

External links

* [http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-75/mission-sts-75.html NASA mission summary]
* [http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle75.htm STS-75 Video Highlights]