Padma Vibhushan

Padma Vibhushan

Infobox Indian Awards
awardname = Padma Vibhushan


type = Civilian
category = General
instituted = 1954
firstawarded = 1954
lastawarded = 2008
total = 235
awardedby = Govt. of India
cashaward =
description =
previousnames = Padma Vibushan, "Pahela Varg"
obverse =
reverse =
ribbon = Medium Pink
firstawardees = Satyendra Nath Bose & others (1954)
lastawardees = Justice (Dr) A.S. Anand & others (2008)
precededby = Bharat Ratna
followedby = Padma Bhushan

The Padma Vibhushan is India's second highest civilian honour. It consists of a medal and a citation and is awarded by the President of India.

It was established on January 2, 1954. It comes after the Bharat Ratna and before the Padma Bhushan. It is awarded to recognize exceptional and distinguished service to the nation in any field, including government service.

History

The award was established by Presidential decree on 2 January 1954. Padma Vibhushan was originally established as the "Pahela Varg" (First Class) of a three-class "Padma Vibhushan" awards. However the structure was changed in 1955 and there is no record of the award being presented to any of the recipients in the original structure.

The award was suspended between 1977 and 1980. No award was made between 1992 and 1998 as well.

Medallion details

First medallion (1954-1955)

The initial medal was a circular gold medal, 1-3/8 inches in diameter, with an embossed lotus flower in the center with the legend "Padma Vibhusman" above and a floral wreath below. The reverse side had the Indian state emblem with the legend "Desh Seva" (National Service) above and a lotus wreath below.

No record exists if this design was used to present a medal to any of the awardees.

econd medallion (1955-1957)

In 1955, the badge design was altered to be a "mainly circular" 1-3/16 inch toned bronze badge with geometrical patterns. The center had a lotus flower with four major petals embossed in white gold. Above and below this flower, the name of the decoration Padma Vibhushan was embossed in silver-gilt.

Current medallion (1957-current)

In 1957, the badge design was retained but the material changed from toned bronze to burnished bronze.

List of Awardees

External links

* [http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php List of Padma Vibhushan awardees]
* [http://faculty.winthrop.edu/haynese/india/medals/PVibhushan.html History of Padma Vibhushan award]


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