Office of Public Sector Information

The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (usually abbreviated as HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom. OPSI is part of The National Archives of the United Kingdom and it is responsible for Crown copyright.

OPSI announced on 21 June 2006 that it was merging with The National Archives to create a joined-up approach to information management within government. This merger took place in October 2006. OPSI continues to discharge its roles and responsibilities from within the structure of The National Archives.

Controller of HMSO and Director of OPSI

The Controller of HMSO is also the Director of OPSI. HMSO continues to operate from within the expanded remit of OPSI. The Controller of HMSO also holds the offices of Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament, Queen's Printer for Scotland and Government Printer for Northern Ireland.

By virtue of holding these offices OPSI publishes, through HMSO, the London Gazette, Edinburgh Gazette, Belfast Gazette and all legislation in the United Kingdom, including Acts of Parliament, Acts of the Scottish Parliament and Statutory Instruments.

The Controller of HMSO is appointed by Letters Patent to the office of Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament. This office is separate from the functions of OPSI. Historically the role of Queen's [or King's] Printer extended to other official publishing responsibilities, e.g. the rights to print, publish and import the King James Bible and Book of Common Prayer within England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The current holder of this office is Cambridge University Press.

History

HMSO was established as a new department of HM Treasury on 5 April 1786, when John Mayor was appointed as its first "Superintendent".^[1] The creation of the Office was a result of the advocacy of Edmund Burke for reforms of the corrupt, expensive and inefficient Royal Household and the Civil Service. Before the establishment of HMSO, the Crown would grant patents (exclusive rights) for the supply of stationery; the patentee could buy these supplies cheaply and then charge highly inflated prices.^[2]

At first HMSO was the agent for various government departments^[2] but, from 1822, all government departments were required to buy stationery through the open competitions and tenders operated by HMSO.^[1]

HMSO also took over as official publisher for both houses of Parliament from Hansard in 1882.^[1][3]

In 1889, HMSO was granted Letters Patent under which it was appointed as Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament ("printer to Her Majesty of all Acts of Parliament"). These letters patent also appointed the Controller of HMSO as administrator of the rights of Crown copyright. HMSO also took over publication of the London Gazette in the same year.^[1][2][3]

In 1986 HMSO celebrated its bicentenary:

Since 1947 it has printed 86 million copies of the Highway Code. It is one of the biggest publishers in the world, having published 9,300 titles last year and holding 49,000 titles in stock. It produces nearly 600 pages of Hansard and other parliamentary papers overnight, as well as Bills, Acts, White Papers, 2.3 million passports a year, 28.2 million pension and allowance books a year, and all sorts of other publications from the British Pharmacopoiea to guides to long-distance footpaths. The Stationery Office also supplies 1,500 million envelopes a year (at a cost of £11 million) as well as 18 million ball-point pens and 188 million paper-clips.^[4]

Most of its publishing functions were privatised in 1996 as a separate company known as The Stationery Office (TSO), but HMSO continued as a separate part of the Cabinet Office. Prior to 1996, it was the publisher of virtually all government material, such as command papers, legislation and official histories. After 1996 the Controller of HMSO remained Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament and retained the role of administering Crown copyright.^[1][5]

The privatisation was not the final stage in HMSO's changing role. As part of the implementation of the European Union directive on the re-use of public sector information, it was decided that there was a need for a dedicated body to be the principal focal point for advising on and regulating the operation of public sector information re-use. That new body, created in 2005 is the OPSI.^[1][5]

See also

• ePSIplus
• The Stationery Office

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Office of Public Sector Information web site. "The History of Her Majesty's Stationery Office". http://www.opsi.gov.uk/about/hmso-history.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "William Sharp - Obituary - The Register". The Times: p. 43. 28 March 2002. "The fledgling forerunner of today's HMSO resulted from the reforms of the Royal Household and the Civil Service advocated in the 1770s and 1780s by the Whig MP Edmund Burke. Growing unease with an inefficient and expensive system of administration led to his private Bill "For the better regulation of His Majesty's Civil Establishments and of Certain Public Officers". ... Not least among the abuses with which Burke attempted to contend was the fact that patents issued by the Crown for the supply of stationery to government departments allowed the patentee to buy goods cheaply and sell them at outrageously high prices. ... Burke's economic reforms of the 1780s removed many corrupt practices that had thrived under this system. They led to John Mayor being appointed Superintendent of a new department within the Treasury called His Majesty's Stationery Office, responsible for the supply of stationery. ... The Stationery Office expanded during the 19th century into printing and publishing for both Parliament and Government. For the first 40 years of its life it was an agent for a number of government departments, until in 1822 a select committee on printing and stationery investigated allegations of irregularities which led to a Treasury review of the Office's operation. The outcome was that the Office should have its own Annual Vote from Parliament. ... The Office's role was formalised in 1889, when Queen Victoria granted the Controller Letters Patent as "Printer to Her Majesty of all Acts of Parliament" and holder of all copyrights in Crown works." 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Technology: A history of rights". The Guardian (Guardian Technology Pages): p. 3. 6 September 2007. "The modern bureaucracy of Crown copyright dates from 1786, with the formation of a new Treasury department, His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). In 1882, HMSO was made the official publisher to both Houses of Parliament, which still retain copyright on official proceedings. In 1889, Queen Victoria granted the controller of HMSO Royal Letters Patent as "printer to Her Majesty of all Acts of Parliament". The Letters Patent appointed the controller to hold Crown copyright. This grant and the office of the Queen's Printer continues today. In 1980, HMSO became a trading fund. In 2000, the government repositioned HMSO to regulate Crown copyright licensing. This role was taken on by the Office of Public Sector Information, now part of the National Archives." 
4. ^ Richard Boston, "How the Government issues the tissue", The Guardian (London), 2 May 1986, p 15.
5. ^ ^{a b} "Her Majesty's Stationery Office" in Jonathan Law and Elizabeth A. Martin (eds), A Dictionary of Law, Oxford University Press, 2009, via Oxford Reference Online accessed 5 November 2011.

External links

• Office of Public Sector Information website
  • OPSI - About
• The Stationery Office website
• eContentplus Thematic Network to support the implementation of the European Directive on Public Sector Information (PSI) Re-use
• The (OpenPSI project), an OPSI-led community effort to create a UK government linked data service that supports research.