Miles Franklin

Miles Franklin
Portrait of Franklin, circa 1940s
Born	Stella Maria Sarah Miles Franklin 14 October 1879 (1879-10-14) Talbingo, New South Wales
Died	19 September 1954 (1954-09-20) Drummoyne, New South Wales
Cause of death	Coronary occlusion
Other names	Brent of Bin Bin, An Old Bachelor, Vernacular, Ogniblat, Mr and Mrs Ogniblat L'Artsau
Known for	Novelist

Stella Maria Sarah Miles Franklin, known as Miles Franklin (14 October 1879 – 19 September 1954) was an Australian writer and feminist who is best known for her novel My Brilliant Career, published in 1901. While she wrote throughout her life, her other major literary success, All That Swagger, was not published until 1936.

She was committed to the development of a uniquely Australian form of literature, and she actively pursued this goal by supporting writers, literary journals, and writers' organisations. She has had a long-lasting impact on Australian literary life through her endowment of a major literary award known as the Miles Franklin Award.

Life and career

Franklin was born at Talbingo, New South Wales, and grew up in the Brindabella Valley. She was the eldest child of Australian-born parents, John Maurice Franklin and Susannah Margaret Eleanor Franklin, née Lampe^[1] Her family was a member of the squattocracy.

Her best known novel, My Brilliant Career, tells the story of an irrepressible teenage feminist growing to womanhood in rural New South Wales. This heroine, Sybylla Melvyn, is one of the most endearing characters in Australian literature and obviously has much in common with Franklin herself, who wrote the novel while she was still a teenager. It was published in 1901 with the support of Australian writer, Henry Lawson.^[2] After its publication, Franklin tried a career in nursing, and then as a housemaid in Sydney and Melbourne. Whilst doing this she contributed pieces to The Daily Telegraph and The Sydney Morning Herald under the pseudonyms "An Old Bachelor" and "Vernacular." During this period she wrote My Career Goes Bung in which Sybylla encounters the Sydney literary set. The book proved too hot to publish and did not become available to the public until 1946.

In the USA and England

In 1906, Franklin moved to the US and undertook secretarial work for Alice Henry, another Australian, at the National Women's Trade Union League in Chicago, and co-edited the league's magazine, Life and Labor. Her years in the US are reflected in On Dearborn Street (not published until 1981), a love story that uses American slang in a manner not dissimilar to the early work of Dashiell Hammett. Also while in America she wrote Some Everyday Folk and Dawn (1909), the story of a small-town Australian family, which uses purple prose for deliberate comic effect.

In 1915, she travelled to England and worked in the Ostrovo Unit of the Scottish Women's Hospitals during the Serbian campaigns of 1917–18. Her life in England in the 1920s gave rise to Bring the Monkey (1933), a spoof (but with dark undertones) on the English country house mystery novel. Unfortunately Franklin had no understanding of the genre and the book was a literary and commercial failure.

Return to Australia

Franklin resettled in Australia in 1932 after the death of her father in 1931. During that decade she wrote several historical novels of the Australian bush. Although most of these were published under the pseudonym "Brent of Bin Bin," her masterpiece All That Swagger (1936) – a family chronicle novel packed with memorable characters – was published under her own name. New South Wales State Librarian, Dagmar Schmidmaier, said that "Miles increasingly feared that nothing she wrote matched the success of My Brilliant Career and resorted to writing under different names, including the bizarre pseudonym Brent of Bin Bin, to protect herself from poor reviews."^[3]

Throughout her life, Franklin actively supported literature in Australia. She joined the Fellowship of Australian Writers in 1933 and the Sydney P.E.N. Club in 1935. She encouraged young writers such as Jean Devanny, Sumner Locke Elliott and Ric Throssell and she supported the new literary journals, Meanjin and Southerly.^[2]

In 1937, Franklin declined appointment as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.^[4]

Collaborations

Miles Franklin engaged in a number of literary collaborations throughout her life. In addition to co-editing the journal Life and Labor with Alice Henry in the US, she also wrote Pioneers on Parade in collaboration Dymphna Cusack^[5] and Joseph Furphy (1944) "in painful collaboration with Kate Baker".^[2] Previously, in 1939, she and Baker had won the Prior Memorial prize for an essay on Furphy.^[2]

Dever writes that the letters between Dymphna Cusack and Miles Franklin that are published in Yarn Spinners "provide a see-sawing commentary on the delicate art of literary collaboration".^[6]

While Miles Franklin had many suitors, she never married. She died in 1954, aged 74.

Legacy

In her will she made a bequest for her estate to establish an annual literary award known as The Miles Franklin Award. The first winner was Patrick White with Voss in 1957.

The Canberra suburb of Franklin and the nearby primary school Miles Franklin Primary School are named in her honour. The school holds an annual writing competition in her memory.

Revival

A revival of interest in Franklin occurred in the wake of the Australian New Wave film My Brilliant Career (1979), which won several international awards. This film has resulted in students studying the author and film about its feminist messages. Significant readership for Franklin's other novels remains restricted to Australia.^{[citation needed]}

Awards

• 1936: S. H. Prior Memorial Prize awarded by The Bulletin for All that Swagger
• 1939: S. H. Prior Memorial Prize for Joseph Furphy: The Legend of a Man and His Book

Selected works

Novels

• My Brilliant Career (1901)
• Some Everyday Folk and Dawn (1909)
• Old Blastus of Bandicoot (1931)
• Bring the Monkey (1933)
• All That Swagger (1936)
• Pioneers on Parade (1939) - with Dymphna Cusack
• My Career Goes Bung (1946)
• On Dearborn Street (1981)

Under the pseudonym of "Brent of Bin Bin"

• Up the Country (1928)
• Ten Creeks Run (1930)
• Back to Bool Bool (1931)
• Prelude to Waking (1950)
• Cockatoos (1955)
• Gentleman at Gyang Gyang (1956)

Non-fiction

• Joseph Furphy: The Legend of a Man and His Book (1944)
• Laughter, Not for a Cage (1956)
• Childhood at Brindabella (1963)

External links

• Works by Miles Franklin at Project Gutenberg
• Works by Miles Franklin at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Great Rural Speeches: Miles Franklin
• Miles Franklin: A Brilliant Career? : State Library of New South Wales exhibition guide
• [1] Interview with biographer Jill Roe, author of Stella Miles Franklin: A Biography, with Ramona Koval, The Book Show, ABC Radio National, 20/11/08.
• MP3 audiobook of My Brilliant Career from LibriVox

Further reading

• Barnard, Marjorie (1967) Miles Franklin: The Story of a Famous Australian
• Brunton, Paul (ed) (2004) The diaries of Miles Franklin, Allen and Unwin
• Coleman, Verna (1981) "Her Unknown (Brilliant) Career: Miles Franklin in America" Angus and Robertson
• Martin, Sylvia (2001) Passionate Friends: Mary Fullerton, Mabel Singleton, Miles Franklin, Only Women Press
• North, Marilla (ed) (2001) Yarn Spinners: A Story in Letters - Dymphna Cusack, Florence James, Miles Franklin, University of Queensland Press
• Roe, Jill (ed) (1993) Congenials: Miles Franklin and Friends in Letters, Vol. 1 & 2, Angus and Robertson

Notes

1. ^ State Library of New South Wales
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Roe (1981)
3. ^ Miles Franklin: Her Brilliant Yet Troubled Life Revealed
4. ^ Roe (2004)
5. ^ Spender (1988) p.219
6. ^ Dever (2001?)

References

• Australian Women Biographical Entry Franklin, Stella Maria ( Marian) Sarah Miles (1879 - 1954) Accessed: 2007-09-01
• Dever, Maryanne (2001?) The Complexities of Female Friendship: Review of "Yarn Spinners' and "Passionate Friends" Accessed: 2007-09-01
• Miles Franklin: Her Brilliant Yet Troubled Life Revealed (Media Release for State Library of New South Wales exhibition, Miles Franklin: A brilliant career?), 26 February 2004 Accessed: 2007-09-01
• Roe, J. I. (1981) "Franklin, Stella Maria Sarah Miles (1879 - 1954)" in Australian Dictionary of Biography online Accessed: 2007-09-01
• Roe, Jill (2004) "The diaries of Miles Franklin" in theage.com.au, 13 March 2004 Accessed: 2007-09-01
• Spender, Dale (1988) Writing a New World: Two Centuries of Australian Women Writers, London: Pandora
• State Library of New South Wales Australian Feminist Manuscripts: Miles Franklin (1879-1954) Accessed: 2007-09-01

Persondata
Name	Franklin, Miles
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	14 October 1879
Place of birth	Talbingo, New South Wales
Date of death	19 September 1954
Place of death	Drummoyne, New South Wales