41st United States Congress - political parties

The Forty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1869 to March 3 1871, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

This article supplements the main article with a list of the members by political party.

:"Main article: 41st United States Congress":"See also: 41st United States Congress - Membership Changes":"See also: 41st United States Congress - State Delegations":"See also: United States House election, 1868"

The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.

Dates of sessions

March 4 1869 - March 3 1871
*First session: March 4 1869 – April 10 1869
*Special session of the Senate: April 12 1869 – April 22 1869
*Second session: December 6 1869 - July 15 1870
*Third session: December 5 1870 - March 3 1871 — a lame duck sessionPrevious congress: 40th Congress
Next congress: 42nd Congress

Party summary

enate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.

=Democratic=

:A-L
* Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. (1828-1898), "Delaware"
* Francis P. Blair, Jr. (1821-1875), "Missouri" ...elected to vacancy, seated January 25 1871.
* Eugene Casserly (1820-1883), "California"
* Garrett Davis (1801-1872), "Kentucky"
* William T. Hamilton (1820-1888), "Maryland"
* John W. Johnston (1818-1889), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, seated January 27 1870.:M-Z
* Thomas C. McCreery (1816-1890), "Kentucky"
* Homer V. M. Miller (1814-1896), "Georgia" ...readmitted state, seated February 24 1871.
* Daniel S. Norton (1829-1870), "Minnesota" ...died July 13 1870.
* Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (1820-1892), "Delaware"
* John P. Stockton (1826-1900), "New Jersey"
* Allen G. Thurman (1813-1895), "Ohio"
* George Vickers (1801-1879), "Maryland"

=Republican=

:A-F
* Joseph C. Abbott (1825-1881), "North Carolina"
* Adelbert Ames (1835-1933), "Mississippi" ...readmitted state, seated April 1 1870.
* Henry B. Anthony (1815-1884), "Rhode Island"
* Arthur I. Boreman (1823-1896), "West Virginia"
* William G. Brownlow (1805-1877), "Tennessee"
* William A. Buckingham (1804-1875), "Connecticut"
* Simon Cameron (1799-1889), "Pennsylvania"
* Matthew H. Carpenter (1824-1881), "Wisconsin"
* Alexander G. Cattell (1816-1894), "New Jersey"
* Zachariah Chandler (1813-1879), "Michigan"
* Cornelius Cole (1822-1924), "California"
* Roscoe Conkling (1829-1888), "New York"
* Henry W. Corbett (1827-1903), "Oregon"
* Aaron H. Cragin (1821-1898), "New Hampshire"
* Charles D. Drake (1811-1892), "Missouri" ...resigned December 19 1870.
* George F. Edmunds (1828-1919), "Vermont"
* Reuben E. Fenton (1819-1885), "New York"
* Orris S. Ferry (1823-1875), "Connecticut"
* William Pitt Fessenden (1806-1869), "Maine" ...died September 9 1869.
* James W. Flanagan (1805-1887), "Texas" ...readmitted state, seated March 31 1870.
* Joseph S. Fowler (1820-1902), "Tennessee" :G-L
* Abijah Gilbert (1806-1881), "Florida"
* James W. Grimes (1816-1872), "Iowa" ...resigned December 6 1869.
* Morgan C. Hamilton (1809-1893), "Texas" ...readmitted state, seated March 31 1870.
* Hannibal Hamlin (1809-1891), "Maine"
* James Harlan (1820-1899), "Iowa"
* John S. Harris (1825-1906), "Louisiana"
* Joshua Hill (1812-1891), "Georgia" ...readmitted state, seated February 1 1871.
* Jacob M. Howard (1805-1871), "Michigan"
* Timothy O. Howe (1816-1883), "Wisconsin"
* James B. Howell (1816-1880), "Iowa" ...elected to vacancy, seated January 26 1870.
* Daniel T. Jewett (1807-1906), "Missouri" ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 22 1870.
* William Pitt Kellogg (1830-1918), "Louisiana"
* John F. Lewis (1818-1895), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, seated January 27 1870.:M-R
* Alexander McDonald (1832-1903), "Arkansas"
* Justin S. Morrill (1810-1898), "Vermont"
* Lot M. Morrill (1813-1883), "Maine" ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1869, subsequently elected.
* Oliver H. P. T. Morton (1823-1877), "Indiana"
* James W. Nye (1815-1876), "Nevada"
* Thomas W. Osborn (1833-1898), "Florida"
* James W. Patterson (1823-1893), "New Hampshire"
* Samuel C. Pomeroy (1816-1891), "Kansas"
* John Pool (1826-1884), "North Carolina"
* Daniel D. Pratt (1813-1877), "Indiana"
* Alexander Ramsey (1815-1903), "Minnesota"
* Hiram R. Revels (1827-1901), "Mississippi" ...readmitted state, seated February 25 1870.
* Benjamin F. Rice (1828-1905), "Arkansas"
* Thomas J. Robertson (1823-1897), "South Carolina"
* Edmund G. Ross (1826-1907), "Kansas" :S-Z
* Frederick A. Sawyer (1822-1891), "South Carolina"
* Carl Schurz (1829-1906), "Missouri"
* John Scott (1824-1896), "Pennsylvania"
* John Sherman (1823-1900), "Ohio"
* George E. Spencer (1836-1893), "Alabama"
* William Sprague (1830-1915), "Rhode Island"
* Ozora P. Stearns (1831-1896), "Minnesota" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated January 23 1871.
* William M. Stewart (1827-1909), "Nevada"
* Charles Sumner (1811-1874), "Massachusetts"
* John M. Thayer (1820-1906), "Nebraska"
* Thomas W. Tipton (1817-1899), "Nebraska"
* Lyman Trumbull (1813-1896), "Illinois"
* Willard Warner (1826-1906), "Alabama"
* Waitman T. Willey (1811-1900), "West Virginia"
* George H. Williams (1823-1910), "Oregon"
* Henry Wilson (1812-1875), "Massachusetts"
* William Windom (1827-1891), "Minnesota" ...appointed to fill vacancy, July 15 1870.
* Richard Yates (1815-1873), "Illinois"

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.

=Democratic=

:A-B-C
* George M. Adams (1837-1920), "Kentucky"
* Stevenson Archer (1827-1898), "Maryland"
* Samuel B. Axtell (1819-1891), "California"
* William H. Barnum (1818-1889), "Connecticut" …elected April 5 1869.
* James B. Beck (1822-1890), "Kentucky"
* Benjamin T. Biggs (1821-1893), "Delaware"
* John T. Bird (1829-1911), "New Jersey"
* James Brooks (1810-1873), "New York"
* Albert G. Burr (1829-1882), "Illinois"
* Hervey C. Calkin (1828-1913), "New York"
* Orestes Cleveland (1829-1896), "New Jersey"
* John C. Conner (1842-1873), "Texas" ...readmitted state, seated March 31 1870.
* Stephen A. Corker (1830-1879), "Georgia" ...readmitted state, seated January 24 1871.
* Samuel S. Cox (1824-1889), "New York"
* John M. Crebs (1830-1890), "Illinois" :D-E-F
* Edward F. Dickinson (1829-1891), "Ohio"
* Peter M. Dox (1813-1891), "Alabama" …elected August 3 1869.
* Charles A. Eldredge (1820-1896), "Wisconsin"
* John Fox (1835-1914), "New York" :G-H-I
* J. Lawrence Getz (1821-1891), "Pennsylvania"
* Jacob S. Golladay (1819-1887), "Kentucky" ...resigned February 28 1870
* George W. Greene (1831-1895), "New York" …contested election, served until February 17 1870.
* John A. Griswold (1822-1902), "New York"
* Charles Haight (1838-1891), "New Jersey"
* Richard J. Haldeman (1831-1886), "Pennsylvania"
* Samuel Hambleton (1812-1886), "Maryland"
* Patrick Hamill (1817-1895), "Maryland"
* Truman H. Hoag (1816-1870), "Ohio" ...died February 5 1870.
* William S. Holman (1822-1897), "Indiana" :J-K-L
* James A. Johnson (1829-1896), "California"
* Thomas L. Jones (1819-1887), "Kentucky"
* Michael C. Kerr (1827-1876), "Indiana"
* J. Proctor Knott (1830-1911), "Kentucky"
* Joseph H. Lewis (1824-1904), "Kentucky" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated May 10 1870.:M-N-O
* John Manning, Jr. (1830-1899), "North Carolina" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7 1870.
* Samuel S. Marshall (1821-1890), "Illinois"
* Stephen L. Mayham (1826-1908), "New York"
* James R. McCormick (1824-1897), "Missouri"
* Thompson W. McNeely (1835-1921), "Illinois"
* John Moffet (1831-1884), "Pennsylvania" …contested election, served until April 9 1869.
* George W. Morgan (1820-1893), "Ohio"
* John Morrissey (1831-1878), "New York"
* William Mungen (1821-1887), "Ohio"
* William E. Niblack (1822-1893), "Indiana" :P-Q-R
* William W. Paine (1817-1882), "Georgia" ...readmitted state, seated January 23 1871.
* Clarkson N. Potter (1825-1882), "New York"
* William P. Price (1835-1908), "Georgia" ...readmitted state, seated January 16 1871.
* Samuel J. Randall (1828-1890), "Pennsylvania"
* John R. Reading (1826-1886), "Pennsylvania" …contested election, served until April 13 1870.
* Henry A. Reeves (1832-1916), "New York"
* John M. Rice (1831-1895), "Kentucky" ...contested election, seated March 5 1869.
* Anthony A. C. Rogers (1821-1899), "Arkansas" :S-T-U-V
* John G. Schumaker (1826-1905), "New York"
* William C. Sherrod (1835-1919), "Alabama" …elected August 3 1869.
* Francis E. Shober (1831-1896), "North Carolina"
* Henry W. Slocum (1827-1894), "New York"
* Joseph S. Smith (1824-1884), "Oregon"
* John D. Stiles (1822-1896), "Pennsylvania"
* Frederick Stone (1820-1899), "Maryland"
* Peter W. Strader (1818-1881), "Ohio"
* Thomas Swann (1809-1883), "Maryland"
* William N. Sweeney (1832-1895), "Kentucky"
* Lawrence S. Trimble (1825-1904), "Kentucky"
* Daniel M. Van Auken (1826-1908), "Pennsylvania"
* Philadelph Van Trump (1810-1874), "Ohio"
* Daniel W. Voorhees (1827-1897), "Indiana" :W-X-Y-Z
* Erastus Wells (1823-1893), "Missouri"
* Eugene M. Wilson (1833-1890), "Minnesota"
* Boyd Winchester (1836-1923), "Kentucky"
* Fernando Wood (1812-1881), "New York"
* George W. Woodward (1809-1875), "Pennsylvania"
* Pierce M. B. Young (1836-1896), "Georgia" ...readmitted state, seated January 16 1871.

=Republican=

:A-B-C
* William B. Allison (1829-1908), "Iowa"
* Jacob A. Ambler (1829-1906), "Ohio"
* Oakes Ames (1804-1873), "Massachusetts"
* William H. Armstrong (1824-1919), "Pennsylvania"
* Samuel M. Arnell (1833-1903), "Tennessee"
* Joel F. Asper (1822-1872), "Missouri"
* David Atwood (1815-1889), "Wisconsin" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated February 23 1870.
* Richard S. Ayer (1829-1896), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, seated January 31 1870.
* Alexander H. Bailey (1817-1874), "New York"
* Nathaniel P. Banks (1816-1894), "Massachusetts"
* Henry W. Barry (1840-1875), "Mississippi" ...readmitted state, seated April 8 1870.
* Fernando C. Beaman (1814-1882), "Michigan"
* John Beatty (1828-1914), "Ohio"
* John F. Benjamin (1817-1877), "Missouri"
* David S. Bennett (1811-1894), "New York"
* Jacob Benton (1814-1892), "New Hampshire"
* Marion Bethune (1816-1895), "Georgia" ...readmitted state, seated January 16 1871.
* John A. Bingham (1815-1900), "Ohio"
* James G. Blaine (1830-1893), "Maine"
* Austin Blair (1818-1894), "Michigan"
* Thomas Boles (1837-1905), "Arkansas"
* George S. Boutwell (1818-1905), "Massachusetts" ...resigned March 12 1869.
* Christopher C. Bowen (1832-1880), "South Carolina"
* Sempronius H. Boyd (1828-1894), "Missouri"
* George M. Brooks (1824-1893), "Massachusetts" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1869.
* Alfred E. Buck (1832-1902), "Alabama" …elected August 3 1869.
* Charles W. Buckley (1835-1906), "Alabama" …elected August 3 1869.
* James Buffinton (1817-1875), "Massachusetts"
* Horatio C. Burchard (1825-1908), "Illinois" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1869.
* Samuel S. Burdett (1836-1914), "Missouri"
* Benjamin F. Butler (1818-1893), "Massachusetts"
* Roderick R. Butler (1827-1902), "Tennessee"
* Henry L. Cake (1827-1899), "Pennsylvania"
* John Cessna (1821-1893), "Pennsylvania"
* John C. Churchill (1821-1905), "New York"
* William T. Clark (1831-1905), "Texas" ...readmitted state, seated March 31 1870.
* Sidney Clarke (1831-1909), "Kansas"
* Amasa Cobb (1823-1905), "Wisconsin"
* Clinton L. Cobb (1842-1879), "North Carolina"
* John Coburn (1825-1908), "Indiana"
* Omar D. Conger (1818-1898), "Michigan"
* Burton C. Cook (1819-1894), "Illinois"
* John Covode (1808-1871), "Pennsylvania" ...contested election, seated February 9 1870, died January 11 1871.
* George W. Cowles (1823-1901), "New York"
* Shelby M. Cullom (1829-1914), "Illinois" :D-E-F
* Chester B. Darrall (1842-1908), "Louisiana" …contested election, seated July 6, 1870.
* Noah Davis (1818-1902), "New York" ...resigned July 15 1870.
* Henry L. Dawes (1816-1903), "Massachusetts"
* Edward Degener (1809-1890), "Texas" ...readmitted state, seated March 31 1870.
* John T. Deweese (1835-1906), "North Carolina" ...resigned February 28 1870
* Oliver J. Dickey (1823-1876), "Pennsylvania"
* Joseph Dixon (1828-1883), "North Carolina" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5 1870.
* Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (1812-1881), "Rhode Island"
* Oliver H. Dockery (1830-1906), "North Carolina"
* Joseph B. Donley (1838-1917), "Pennsylvania"
* Isaac H. Duval (1824-1902), "West Virginia"
* David P. Dyer (1838-1924), "Missouri"
* Jacob H. Ela (1820-1884), "New Hampshire"
* John F. Farnsworth (1820-1897), "Illinois"
* Orange Ferriss (1814-1894), "New York"
* Thomas W. Ferry (1827-1896), "Michigan"
* Gustavus A. Finkelnburg (1837-1908), "Missouri"
* John Fisher (1806-1882), "New York"
* Thomas Fitch (1838-1923), "Nevada" :G-H-I
* James A. Garfield (1831-1881), "Ohio"
* Calvin W. Gilfillan (1832-1901), "Pennsylvania"
* Eugene Hale (1836-1918), "Maine"
* Charles M. Hamilton (1840-1875), "Florida"
* George E. Harris (1827-1911), "Mississippi" ...readmitted state, seated February 23 1870.
* Isaac R. Hawkins (1818-1880), "Tennessee"
* John B. Hawley (1831-1895), "Illinois"
* John B. Hay (1834-1916), "Illinois"
* Charles Hays (1834-1879), "Alabama" …elected August 3 1869.
* David Heaton (1823-1870), "North Carolina" ...died June 25 1870.
* Robert S. Heflin (1815-1901), "Alabama" …elected August 3 1869.
* John Hill (1821-1884), "New Jersey"
* George F. Hoar (1826-1904), "Massachusetts"
* Solomon L. Hoge (1836-1909), "South Carolina" ...contested election of J.P. Reed, seated April 8 1869.
* Charles H. Holmes (1827-1874), "New York" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1870.
* Samuel Hooper (1808-1875), "Massachusetts"
* Benjamin F. Hopkins (1829-1870), "Wisconsin" ...died January 1 1870.
* Giles W. Hotchkiss (1815-1878), "New York"
* Ebon C. Ingersoll (1831-1879), "Illinois" :J-K-L
* Thomas A. Jenckes (1818-1875), "Rhode Island"
* Alexander H. Jones (1822-1901), "North Carolina"
* Norman B. Judd (1815-1878), "Illinois"
* George W. Julian (1817-1899), "Indiana"
* William D. Kelley (1814-1890), "Pennsylvania"
* Stephen W. Kellogg (1822-1904), "Connecticut" …elected April 5 1869.
* William H. Kelsey (1812-1879), "New York"
* John H. Ketcham (1832-1906), "New York"
* Charles Knapp (1797-1880), "New York"
* Addison H. Laflin (1823-1878), "New York"
* Israel G. Lash (1810-1878), "North Carolina"
* William Lawrence (1819-1899), "Ohio"
* John A. Logan (1826-1886), "Illinois"
* Jefferson F. Long (1836-1901), "Georgia" ...readmitted state, seated January 16 1871.
* William Loughridge (1827-1889), "Iowa"
* John Lynch (1825-1892), "Maine" :M-N-O
* Horace Maynard (1814-1882), "Tennessee"
* Dennis McCarthy (1814-1886), "New York"
* George W. McCrary (1835-1890), "Iowa"
* James C. McGrew (1813-1910), "West Virginia"
* George C. McKee (1837-1890), "Mississippi" ...readmitted state, seated February 23 1870.
* Ulysses Mercur (1818-1887), "Pennsylvania"
* Eliakim H. Moore (1812-1900), "Ohio"
* Jesse H. Moore (1817-1883), "Illinois"
* William Moore (1810-1878), "New Jersey"
* Frank Morey (1840-1889), "Louisiana" ...seat declared vacant, subsequently elected, seated December 6 1870.
* Joseph L. Morphis (1831-1913), "Mississippi" ...readmitted state, seated February 23 1870.
* Daniel J. Morrell (1821-1885), "Pennsylvania"
* Samuel P. Morrill (1816-1892), "Maine"
* Leonard Myers (1827-1905), "Pennsylvania" ...contested election, seated April 9 1869.
* James S. Negley (1826-1901), "Pennsylvania"
* Joseph P. Newsham (1837-1919), "Louisiana" ...contested election of Michael Ryan, seated May 23 1870.
* Charles O'Neill (1821-1893), "Pennsylvania"
* Godlove S. Orth (1817-1882), "Indiana" :P-Q-R
* Jasper Packard (1832-1899), "Indiana"
* John B. Packer (1824-1891), "Pennsylvania"
* Halbert E. Paine (1826-1905), "Wisconsin"
* Francis W. Palmer (1827-1907), "Iowa"
* Erasmus D. Peck (1808-1876), "Ohio" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated April 23 1870.
* Legrand W. Perce (1836-1911), "Mississippi" ...readmitted state, seated February 23 1870.
* John A. Peters (1822-1904), "Maine"
* Darwin Phelps (1807-1879), "Pennsylvania"
* James H. Platt, Jr. (1837-1894), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, seated January 27 1870.
* Luke P. Poland (1815-1887), "Vermont"
* Charles Pomeroy (1825-1891), "Iowa"
* Charles H. Porter (1833-1897), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, seated January 27 1870.
* William F. Prosser (1834-1911), "Tennessee"
* Joseph H. Rainey (1832-1887), "South Carolina" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 12 1870.
* Logan H. Roots (1841-1893), "Arkansas" :S-T-U-V
* Stephen Sanford (1826-1913), "New York"
* Aaron A. Sargent (1827-1887), "California"
* Philetus Sawyer (1816-1900), "Wisconsin"
* Robert C. Schenck (1809-1890), "Ohio" ...resigned January 5 1871.
* Glenni W. Scofield (1817-1891), "Pennsylvania"
* John P. C. Shanks (1826-1901), "Indiana"
* Lionel A. Sheldon (1828-1917), "Louisiana" …contested election, seated April 8, 1869.
* Porter Sheldon (1831-1908), "New York"
* John A. Smith (1814-1892), "Ohio"
* William J. Smith (1823-1913), "Tennessee"
* Worthington C. Smith (1823-1894), "Vermont"
* William Smyth (1824-1870), "Iowa" ...died September 30 1870.
* Henry H. Starkweather (1826-1876), "Connecticut" …elected April 5 1869.
* Aaron F. Stevens (1819-1887), "New Hampshire"
* Job E. Stevenson (1832-1922), "Ohio"
* William B. Stokes (1814-1897), "Tennessee"
* William L. Stoughton (1827-1888), "Michigan"
* Randolph Strickland (1823-1880), "Michigan"
* Julius L. Strong (1828-1872), "Connecticut" …elected April 5 1869.
* J. Hale Sypher (1837-1913), "Louisiana" ...seat declared vacant, subsequently elected, seated December 5 1870.
* John Taffe (1827-1884), "Nebraska"
* Adolphus H. Tanner (1833-1882), "New York"
* Caleb N. Taylor (1813-1887), "Pennsylvania" ...contested election, seated April 13 1870.
* Lewis Tillman (1816-1886), "Tennessee"
* Washington Townsend (1813-1894), "Pennsylvania"
* Ginery Twichell (1811-1883), "Massachusetts"
* James N. Tyner (1826-1904), "Indiana" ...elected to fill vacancy from resignation of representative-elect, seated March 4 1869.
* William H. Upson (1823-1910), "Ohio"
* Robert T. Van Horn (1824-1916), "Missouri"
* Charles H. Van Wyck (1824-1895), "New York" ...contested election, seated February 17 1870.:W-X-Y-Z
* Alexander S. Wallace (1810-1893), "South Carolina" ...contested election of William D. Simpson, seated May 27 1870.
* Hamilton Ward, Sr. (1829-1898), "New York"
* Cadwallader C. Washburn (1818-1882), "Wisconsin"
* William B. Washburn (1820-1887), "Massachusetts"
* Elihu B. Washburne (1816-1887), "Illinois" ...resigned March 6 1869.
* Martin Welker (1819-1902), "Ohio"
* William A. Wheeler (1819-1887), "New York"
* Richard H. Whiteley (1830-1890), "Georgia" ...readmitted state, seated February 9 1871.
* George W. Whitmore (1824-1876), "Texas" ...readmitted state, seated March 31 1870.
* B. Frank Whittemore (1824-1894), "South Carolina" ...resigned February 24 1870, subsequently reelected, but was not seated.
* Morton S. Wilkinson (1819-1894), "Minnesota"
* Charles W. Willard (1827-1880), "Vermont"
* William Williams (1821-1896), "Indiana"
* John T. Wilson (1811-1891), "Ohio"
* James J. Winans (1818-1879), "Ohio"
* John S. Witcher (1839-1906), "West Virginia"
* William P. Wolf (1833-1896), "Iowa" ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1870.

Conservative (Virginia)

:A-Z
* George W. Booker (1821-1883), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, elected January 26 1870.
* Richard T. W. Duke (1822-1898), "Virginia" ...elected to fill vacancy, November 8 1870.
* James King Gibson (1812-1879), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, seated January 28 1870.
* Lewis McKenzie (1810-1895), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, seated January 31 1870.
* William Milnes, Jr. (1827-1889), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, seated January 27 1870.
* Robert Ridgway (1823-1870), "Virginia" ...readmitted state, seated January 27 1870, subsequently died October 16 1870.

References

*cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =
*cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =

External links

* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsllink.html Statutes at Large, 1789-1875]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsjlink.html Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhjlink.html#anchor2 House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
* [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress]
* [http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: House History]
* [http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists]