Operation Woodrose

Operation Woodrose was a military operation carried out by the Indian government in the months after Operation Blue Star to "prevent the outbreak of widespread public protest" in the state of Punjab.^[1] The government arrested all prominent members of the largest Sikh political party, the Akali Dal, and banned the All India Sikh Students Federation, a large students' union.^[1] In addition, the Indian Army conducted operations in the countryside during which thousands of Sikhs, overwhelmingly young men, were detained for interrogation and subsequently tortured or killed.^[1] After the operation, the central government was criticized for using "draconian legislation" to repress a minority community.^[1]

The operation consisted of the rounding up of thousands of suspected Sikh militants, including several presumably innocent civilians, aimed at eradicating the presence of violent separatist groups in the state. According to estimates published by Inderjit Singh Jaijee, approximately 8000 individuals were reported as missing as a result of Army operations during this period. ^[2]

To allow for the legality of the operation, the states of Punjab and Chandigarh had been declared by the Indian government as 'disturbed areas' by the enactment of the Punjab Chandigarh Disturbed Area Act 1983 ^[3], while the Army was given unprecedented powers to detain and arrest civilians by the enactment of the Armed Forces (Punjab and Chandigarh) Act 1983.^[4]. The act empowered any commissioned, warrant or non-commissioned officer of the Army if "of opinion that it is necessary so to do for the maintenance of public order, after giving such due warning as he may consider necessary, fire upon or otherwise use forces, even to the causing of death". The act also allowed such an officer to "arrest, without warrant, any person who has committed a cognizable offence or against whom a reasonable suspicion exists that he has committed or is about to commit a cognizable offence".

Fast Track courts were set up under the Terrorist Affected Areas (Special Courts) Act 1984 ^[5] to try and sentence suspected terrorists rapidly. ^[6]

Punjab Chief of Police, K.P.S. Gill described the actions as "suffering from all the classical defects of army intervention in civil strife" and stated that the Indian Army had acted "blindly". ^[7]

The army operations were overseen by General Jamwal, who was assigned the responsibility to seal the international border with Pakistan, in an attempt to control smuggling of arms and personnel, and by General R.S. Dayal, who was instructed to oversee the apprehension of militants in state of Punjab.^[8]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Deol, Harnik (2000). Religion and nationalism in India: the case of the Punjab. Psychology Press. pp. 108–109. ISBN 9780415201087. http://books.google.com/books?id=wKRP1-H8T8AC. Retrieved 22 July 2011. 
2. ^ Jaijee, Inderjit Singh (1995). Politics of genocide: Punjab, 1984-1994. The University of Michigan. p. 216. http://books.google.com/books?ei=fbscS9P4OI7okwT8uenTCw&id=2-qGAAAAMAAJ&dq=woodrose+sikh&q=woodrose. 
3. ^ THE CHANDIGARH DISTURBED AREAS ACT, 1983 : Legal India :: Legal India : Law Information Portal of India
4. ^ [The] Armed Forces (Punjab And Chandigarh)
5. ^ Terrorist Affected Areas (Special Courts) Act 1984
6. ^ Darshi, A R (1999). The gallant defender. Sikh Students Federation. p. 108. ISBN 8176014680. 
7. ^ Art, Robert J. (2007). Democracy and counterterrorism: lessons from the past. United States, Institute of Peace Press. p. 441. ISBN 1929223935. 
8. ^ Jaijee, Inderjit Singh (1999). Politics of genocide: Punjab, 1984-1998. Ajanta Publications. p. 72. ISBN 8120204158, 9788120204157.