Hoenheim

French commune
nomcommune=Hoenheim
région=Alsace
département=Bas-Rhin
arrondissement =Strasbourg-Campagne
canton=Bischheim
insee=67204
cp=67800
maire=André Schneider
mandat=2001-2008
intercomm=Communauté urbaine de Strasbourg
longitude=7.75527778
latitude=48.625
alt moy =140 m
alt mini=133 m
alt maxi=151 m
hectares=342
km²=3.42
sans=10,726
date-sans=1999
dens=3,136
date-dens=1999

Hoenheim (also spelled Hœnheim) is a town and commune, located in the Bas-Rhin "département", Alsace "région", in northeastern France.

Heraldry

"D'or aux trois corbeaux de sable posés deux et un". ("Of gold, three sand crows posed two and one".)

The three black crows come from the legend of the monk Benedict of Nursia, father of the monastic rule of the Benedictines. Saint Benedict lived withdrawn in an inhospitable cave and shared his food of hermit with a crow which came each day to visit him. A jealous priest sent poisoned bread to him. He gave it to the crow while saying to him to throw it in a place inaccessible to the men.

The crow was then symbol of obligingness, intelligence and fidelity.

Geography

Hoenheim is located at 5 km in the north of Strasbourg. The neighbors communes of Hoenheim are (North to South): Souffelweyersheim, Reichstett (canton of Mundolsheim), an enclave of Bischheim, an enclave of Schiltigheim (canton of Schiltigheim). Hoenheim is party of the urban Community of Strasbourg.

Hoenheim is located on the river Ill and The Rhine and Marne canal.

The historic center is on a ridge and overlooking the Ried of Ill. This historical center gave the name to Hoenheim, the first mentions indicate the spelling Hohenheim, in other words "residence on the hill".

History

Vestiges and reports raised on the ground attest the existence of a small group of dwellings near Hoenheim from the Neolithic age.

The first mention of the name Hoenheim goes back to 742.

At the end of IX century, the village of Hoenheim was the property of the Benedictine monastery of Honau, created by the nephews of Saint Odile (holy owner of Alsace).

Under the Holy Roman Empire, Hoenheim became the property of the diocese of Strasbourg, which alloted its land to knights or religious communities. Around the mid-fourteenth century, the diocese made a gift of the stronghold of Hoenheim to knights. 1350 sees the first written mention of the Saint-Jean vault dedicated to John the Baptist.

During the Hundred Years' War, Hoenheim, like many villages, had to undergo the passage of the "Flayers" who tried, without success, to take Strasbourg.

While passing through various noble families, the stronghold finally returned to Uttenheim de Ramstein familly in 1457.

In XVI century, the lords of Uttenheim, nauseated by the escapades of the clergy of the time, joined the Reform and with them the inhabitants of Hoenheim.

At the time of the Thirty year war, Hoenheim, like Bischheim, were victim of the exactions of the two camps. In 1649, at the time of the treaty of Westphalia, putting an end to the war, Alsace returned to France and subsequent Catholicism.

In 1676 the last lord of Uttenheim died without an heir. The quarrel of succession ended in 1681 with the victory of the family Rathamhausen de Stein over the canons of the great chapter of Strasbourg. In 1689, the elder branch of Rathamhausen dies out and the stronghold of Hoenheim returns to the great chapter of Strasbourg. On May 21, 1691, the bishop of Strasbourg gave then the stronghold to the knight-lord of Chamlay, maréchal général des logis des camps et des armées de France.

In 1719 the marshal of Chamlay died without leaving an heir. The bishop of Strasbourg, the Cardinal de Rohan (Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan), gave the stronghold to the Klinglin family which had the full confidence of the royal and local authorities.

The Klinglin family lost their stronghold in 1790, during the loss of privileges following the French revolution of 1789. On March 4, 1790 Hoenheim was attached to the new district of Strasbourg during the formation of the Departments. In the same year, at the suggestion of Schiltigheim, the Ried, previously public pasture common to Souffelweyersheim, Hoenheim, Bischheim, Adelsoffen and Schiltigheim was divided. This division led, amongst other things, to the creation of the enclave of Bischheim and the enclave of Schiltigheim in the centre of Hoenheim's territory.

October 2, 1791, all the goods of the Klinglin familly and the church were confiscated by the Commune and resold to the inhabitants.

In 1792, the emigrants, joined forces with the Austro-Prussians begin the hostilities to regain the power in France. From October to December 1793, engagements between the troops of the French Republic and the Austro-Prussians took place around the Hoenheim - Griesheim-on-Souffel - Dingsheim line, until the Austro-Prussians troops were pushed back out of Alsace by January 1794.

In 1793, the commune of Hoenheim was attached to the canton of Hausbergen.

February 17, 1800, Hoenheim was attached to the new district (Arrondissement) of Strasbourg.

In 1813, Napoleon's Russian Campaign finished in catastrophe. He manages, with difficulty, to join France, but the troops of the coalition follow him. In January 1814, the French troops were kept in Strasbourg by the attacks of the cossacks who settle in Hoenheim, Bischheim and Schiltigheim. Following Napoleon's return and defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, the General Jean Rapp, having had wind of intentions to annex Alsace and under the orders of Louis XVIII continued to fight on the Souffel, just north of Hoenheim. The battle of Souffelweyersheim-Hoenheim took place on June 28 and 29, 1815. With the victory of coalition troops, Strasbourg was taken on July 9.

In 1852 two new transportation routes passed by the territory of Hoenheim (but away from the village). The first is the Canal of the Marne and the Rhine which connects Vitry-the-François to Strasbourg. The second is the Paris-Strasbourg railway line.

The Franco-German War from 1870-1871 began on July 19, 1870. On August 7, the day after the battle of Froeschwiller-Woerth, the German troops arrived in Hoenheim. The troops settled in Reichstett, a few kilometres north of Hoenheim, and began the siege of Strasbourg on August 12. With the treaty of Frankfurt in May 1871, France was required to give up the three departments of the Alsace-Moselle.

Between 1871 and 1919, Hoenheim is attached to "Kreises Strassburg (Land)".

Railway workshops opened in 1875 in Bischheim on a 30 ha, with 10 ha located in Hoenheim. These workshops were located on the new railway line connecting Strasbourg to Lauterbourg.

October 14, 1878, inauguration of the Tramway from Place Kléber - Hoenheim.

June 19, 1879, the first holder of the Catholic parish of Hoenheim was named in the very new church of Hoenheim. Previously Hoenheim depended on the parish of Bischheim which used the Protestant church of Bischheim.

Inauguration of the marshalling yard of Hausbergen in 1906. It covers the territory of several communes, one of which was Hoenheim.

In 1907, the priest of Hoenheim, Dionysius Will, is elected on the Reichstag under the label of Progressivist, it had the support of the Socialists.

The First World War, fought away from the Rhineland area did not cause any physical damage to Hoenheim, but resulted in the death of many men. France was given back the 'lost departments' of Alsace Moselle with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.June 28, 1919 the canton of Bischheim - Hoenheim is attached to the new district of Strasbourg-Countryside.

September 2, 1939, the inhabitants of the communes in front of the Maginot line are evacuated. The inhabitants of Hoenheim, Bischheim and Schiltigheim are moved to the Bruche valley to join the evacuee centre of Niederhaslach. Only the town hall secretary and some firemen remain in the town. On September 9 a second journey awaits the evacuated inhabitants, this time the destination is to the South of France. The inhabitants of Hoenheim are divided in 5 communes of Haute-Vienne which they will leave only in August 1940 to return to Alsace, annexed by the Germans. Under the Nazi occupation, Hoenheim is administratively attached to te “Gross Strasburg”. May 27, August 11 and September 25, 1944, the bombardment of Strasbourg and its suburbs by the Allies: Junkers factories in Meinau, railway workshops of Bischheim and marshalling yard of Hausbergen are all attacked. November 23 Strasbourg is released by the 2nd Armoured Division (Division Blindée) of General Leclerc, who assigns the local FFI to liberate the suburbs. Yet Hoenheim and its neighbourhoods remained under the fire of the German batteries until April 1945.

The last Tram ran to Hoenheim on May 1, 1960, leaving only the bus as a public transport link with Strasbourg.

In 1966, Hoenheim was integrated into the newly-created Urban Community of Strasbourg.

In 1969, the collapse of the frontage of the Saint-Jean vault obliged the Protestant parish to seek new buildings of worship.

1970 saw the completion of the construction of the motorway A34 Metz - Strasbourg, later taken over by A4 connecting Paris to Strasbourg, alongside the marshalling yard of Hausbergen.

In 1978, the Protestant parish of Hoenheim inaugurated its church. The Protestant parish left the renovated Saint-Jean vault to the use of the Romanian Orthodox parish.

With the new public transport policy, a new tram line was built by the urban Community of Strasbourg during the 1990s, with the B tram line linking Hoenheim and Strasbourg completed in 2001. The terminus of the B-Line in Hoenheim links the B tram line with the Strasbourg-Lauterbourg railway line.

Demography

Places and monuments

* The Saint-Jean vault, located beside the town hall, whose foundations date from XIIe century. A three floors square tower, shelters the heart directed according to the habit towards the East. Unfortunately the collapse of the frontage in 1969 needed a whole rebuilding of the building.
* The terminus of the tram (inauguration: 2001) (architect: Zaha Hadid)

ee also

* Communes of the Bas-Rhin department sorted by arrondissements and cantons

External links

* [http://www.ville-hoenheim.fr/ Official website] fr icon