Joseph Raphson

Joseph Raphson

Infobox Scientist
name = Joseph Rapson
box_width = 300px


image_width = 300px
caption =
birth_date = c. 1648
birth_place = Middlesex, England
death_date = c. 1715
death_place = England
residence = flag|England
citizenship =
nationality = flag|England|name=English
ethnicity =
field = Mathematician
work_institutions =
alma_mater = University of Cambridge
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for = Newton-Raphson method
author_abbrev_bot =
author_abbrev_zoo =
influences = Isaac Newton
influenced =
prizes =
religion =
footnotes =

Joseph Raphson was an English mathematician known best for the Newton-Raphson method. Little is known about his life, and even his exact years of birth and death are unknown, although the mathematical historian Florian Cajori provided the approximate dates 1648-1715. Raphson attended Jesus College at Cambridge, graduating with an M.A. in 1692. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society on 30 November 1689, after being proposed for membership by Edmund Halley.

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right|thumb|100px|Bond_signed_by_Joseph_Raphson_on_his_admittance_to_the_Royal Society]

Raphson's most notable work is "Analysis Aequationum Universalis", which was published in 1690. It contains a method, now known as the Newton-Raphson method, for approximating the roots of an equation. Isaac Newton had developed a very similar formula in his "Method of Fluxions", written in 1671, but this work would not be published until 1736, nearly 50 years after Raphson's "Analysis". However, Raphson's version of the method is simpler than Newton's, and is therefore generally considered superior. For this reason, it is Raphson's version of the method, rather than Newton's, that is to be found in textbooks today.

Raphson was a staunch supporter of Newton's, as opposed to Gottfried Leibniz's, claim as the . In addition, Raphson translated Newton's "Arithmetica Universalis" into English. The two were not close friends, however, as is evidenced by Newton's inability to spell Raphson's name either correctly or consistently.

References

* Joseph Raphson, F.R.S. "David J. Thomas; Judith M. Smith." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 44, No. 2. (Jul., 1990), pp. 151-167.

External links

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