Stanhopeinae

Taxobox
name = Stanhopeinae

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image_caption = "Coryanthes alborosea", a member of the subtribe
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Liliopsida
ordo = Asparagales
familia = Orchidaceae
subfamilia = Epidendroideae
tribus = Maxillarieae
subtribus = "Stanhopeinae"

"Stanhopeinae" is a subtribe of plants in the Orchid family.

The subtribe in the strict sense, have viscidia and stipes that are thin and strap-like, they are adapted for attachment to edge of the bee's scutellum or to a leg. Pseudobulbs are usually ribbed/four-angled or flattened. Leaves are generally thicker than "Coeliopsidinae". Roots are smooth, without prominent root hairs. The column foot is lacking or not distinct. Unpollinated flowers quickly abscise and fall from the inflorescence, unlike members of "Coeliopsidinae" which include "Coeliopsis", "Lycomormium" & "Peristeria". "Stanhopeinae" and "Coeliopsidinae" are now considered closely related sister subtribes.

Within "Stanhopeinae" the members can be further grouped in six clades based on morpholgical traits and molecular analysis.
*Braemia Clade: "Braemia"
*Gongora Clade: "Cirrhaea" & "Gongora"
*Acineta Clade: "Acineta", "Lacaena", "Luddemannia" & "Vasqueziella"
*Polycycnis Clade: "Kegeliella", "Polycycnis" & "Soterosanthus"
*Stanhopea Clade: "Coryanthes", "Embreea", "Stanhopea" & "Sievekingia"
*Houlletia Clade: "Horichia", "Houlletia", "Jennyella", "Paphinia", "Schlimmia" & "Trevoria"

The genus "Archivea" is only known by a watercolor painting by T. Duncanson in the herbarium archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. No pressed specmins or living material is known, so it can not be grouped into a specific clade.

All species in this subtribe are exclusively pollinated by male euglossine bees, which are attracted to the floral fragrances, and collect them. One orchid species may attract only one or a few species of bees from dozens of species in the habitat. [Williams & Whitten 1983]

Genera

*"Acineta"
*"Archivea"
*"Braemia"
*"Cirrhaea"
*"Coryanthes"
*"Embreea"
*"Endresiella": see "Trevoria"
*"Gongora"
*"Horichia"
*"Houlletia"
*"Jennyella"
*"Kegeliella"
*"Lacaena"
*"Lueddemannia"
*"Paphinia"
*"Penislegia"
*"Polycycnis"
*"Schlimmia"
*"Sievekingia "
*"Soterosanthus"
*"Stanhopea"
*"Stanhopeastrum": see "Stanhopea"
*"Trevoria"
*"Vasqueziella"

Footnotes

References

* (1983): Orchid floral fragrances and male euglossine bees: methods and advances in the last sesquidecade. "Biol. Bull." 164: 355-395.
*Gerlach, G. (2003) "The subtribe Stanhopeinae: biology and systematics" - Proceedings of the European Orchid Conference and Show (ed. J. Hermans and P. J. Cribb), pp. 135-142. Naturalia Publications, Turriers, France.
* W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams and Mark W. Chase "Subtribal and generic relationships of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae) with emphasis on Stanhopeinae: combined molecular evidence", "American Journal of Botany". 2000;87:1842-1856

External links

* [http://www.orchidsrepbiol.de/cgi-bin/img_db/img_display.pl?db=_vwstanhopeinae&t=usr_gg1 Botanical Garden Munich: One of the most extensive photo collections of Stanhopeinae] .
* [http://www.orchidsrepbiol.de/cgi-bin/MAKS/stanhopeinae/display.pl Multi Access Key System for Stanhopeinae genera] .
* [http://www.houstonorchidsociety.org/Stanhopea The Stanhopea Pages website] .