Ninth

Ninth
Major ninth interval on C. About this sound Play
Minor ninth interval on C. About this sound Play
Cmaj9 chord (see chord symbols) About this sound Play

In music, a ninth is a compound interval consisting of an octave plus a second.

Like the second, the interval of a ninth is classified as a dissonance in common practice tonality. Since a ninth is a larger than a second, its sonority level is considered less dense.[1]

Contents

Major ninth

A major ninth is a compound musical interval spanning 14 semitones, or an octave plus 2 semitones. If transposed into a single octave, it becomes a major second or minor seventh. The major ninth is somewhat dissonant in sound.

Transposition

Some common transposing instruments sound a major ninth lower than written. These include the tenor saxophone, the bass clarinet, the baritone/euphonium when written in treble clef, and the trombone when written in treble clef (British brass band music).

When baritone/euphonium or trombone parts are written in bass clef or tenor clef they sound based.

Minor ninth

A minor ninth (m9 or -9) is a compound musical interval spanning 13 semitones, or 1 semitone above an octave (thus it is enharmonically equivalent to an augmented octave). It is a type of extended minor seventh. If transposed into a single octave, it becomes a minor second or major seventh. The minor ninth is rather dissonant in sound,[citation needed] and in European classical music, often appears as a suspension. Béla Bartók wrote a study in minor 9ths for piano. The fourth movement (an intermezzo) of Robert Schumann's Faschingsschwank aus Wien, is a constructed to feature prominent notes of the melody a minor ninth above the accompaniment. Alexander Scriabin's sonata no. 9, 'black mass' is based around the interval of a minor ninth, creating an uncomfortable and harsh sound.

Augmented ninth

Augmented ninth on C. About this sound Play

An augmented ninth is a compound musical interval spanning 15 semitones, or 3 semitones above an octave. Enharmonically equivalent to a compound minor third, if transposed into a single octave, it becomes a minor third or major sixth. It is a consonant interval.

Ninth chords

Dominant ninth chord on C. About this sound Play
Major ninth chord on C. About this sound Play
Minor ninth chord on C. About this sound Play

Three types of ninth chords may be distinguished: dominant (9), major (M9), and minor (m9).[2][3] They may easily be remembered as the chord quality of the seventh does not change with the addition of the second scale degree,[2] which is a major second in both major and minor, thus:

0 4 7 t + 2 = dominant seventh + ninth = dominant ninth chord
0 4 7 e + 2 = major seventh + ninth = major ninth chord
0 3 7 t + 2 = minor seventh + ninth = minor ninth chord

The dominant ninth (V9) is a dominant seventh plus a major or minor ninth.[4]

See also

Sources

  1. ^ Westergaard, Peter (1975). An Introduction to Tonal Theory, p.74. W.W. Norton. ISBN 9780393093421.
  2. ^ a b Bruce Buckingham, Eric Paschal (2001). Rhythm Guitar: The Complete Guide, p.58. ISBN 9780793581849.
  3. ^ Michael Miller (2004). Complete Idiot's Guide to Solos and Improvisation, p.51. ISBN 9781592572106.
  4. ^ Helen S. Leavitt (1916). Practical Lesson Plans in Harmony, p.32. Ginn and Company. "In major keys the dominant ninth is usually major, though occasionally it is chromatically altered to a minor. In minor keys a similar chromatic change from minor to major takes places."

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • ninth — [ naınθ ] number 1. ) in the place or position counted as number nine: the ninth of January They finished ninth in the standings. 2. ) one of nine equal parts of something: About a ninth of the money raised is spent on administration …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • Ninth — Ninth, n. 1. The quotient of one divided by nine; one of nine equal parts of a thing; the next after the eighth. [1913 Webster] 2. (Mus.) (a) An interval containing an octave and a second. (b) A chord of the dominant seventh with the ninth added …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • ninth — ninth; ninth·ly; Ninth; …   English syllables

  • ninth — ► ORDINAL NUMBER 1) constituting number nine in a sequence; 9th. 2) (a ninth/one ninth) each of nine equal parts into which something is divided. 3) Music an interval spanning nine consecutive notes in a diatonic scale. DERIVATIVES ninthly adverb …   English terms dictionary

  • ninth — [nīnth] adj. [ME ninthe < OE nigonthe: see NINE & TH2] 1. preceded by eight others in a series; 9th 2. designating any of the nine equal parts of something n. 1. the one following the eighth 2. any o …   English World dictionary

  • Ninth — Ninth, a. [From {Nine}; cf. AS. nigo[eth]a.] 1. Following the eight and preceding the tenth; coming after eight others. [1913 Webster] 2. Constituting or being one of nine equal parts into which anything is divided. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • ninth — (adj.) early 12c., nigonðe; see NINE (Cf. nine) + TH (Cf. th). Replacing Old English nigoða, nigend …   Etymology dictionary

  • ninth — ninth1 [naınθ] adj coming after eight other things in a series ▪ in the ninth century ▪ her ninth birthday >ninth pron ▪ I m planning to leave on the ninth (=ninth day of the month) . ninth 2 ninth2 n one of nine equal parts of something …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • ninth — [[t]na͟ɪnθ[/t]] ♦♦ ninths 1) ORD The ninth item in a series is the one that you count as number nine. ...January the ninth. ...students in the ninth grade. ...ninth century illustrated manuscripts. 2) FRACTION A ninth is one of nine equal parts… …   English dictionary

  • ninth — [[t]naɪnθ[/t]] adj. 1) next after the eighth; being the ordinal number for nine 2) being one of nine equal parts 3) a ninth part, esp. of one (1/9) 4) the ninth member of a series 5) mad mus a) a tone distant from another tone by an interval of… …   From formal English to slang

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