Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale

Infobox_Canada_Political_Party
party_name = Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale
party_wikicolourid = PQ
status = defunct
class = prov
party_
leader = n/a
president = n/a
foundation = 1960
dissolution = 1968
ideology = Quebec sovereigntism, social democracy
headquarters = n/a
int_alignment = none
colours = Varied
website = n/a
seats_house = n/a

The Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale (RIN, "English: Rally for National Independence") was a political organization dedicated to the promotion of Quebec national independence from Canada.

History

It was founded on September 10, 1960, by about 30 people at the very beginning of the Quiet Revolution. The founders included many of former Alliance Laurentienne members. (The Alliance Laurentienne was dissolved after the creation of the RIN.) The founding members included André D'Allemagne, Jacques Bellemare and Marcel Chaput. Other prominent members included Andrée Ferretti, Hubert Aquin and Raymond Villeneuve. D'Allemagne, having participated in the Alliance Laurentienne, has stated that he had found the Alliance's right-wing tendencies quite unpleasant. This was a factor leading to the creation of an officially neutral organisation. However, as the RIN attracted many new young members and it quickly became associated with more radical left-wing ideas.

In October 1960, the first general assembly of the organization published its manifesto calling for the independence of Quebec. Pierre Bourgault, who had joined shortly after foundation, became its president in 1964. Following the wish of the members as expressed in a resolution in 1963, the RIN was turned into a political party. Bourgault and his impassioned, fiery speeches contributed largely to the popularity of the RIN, and is often wrongly believed to be the founder of the movement.

In the 1966 Quebec general election, the RIN, along with the Ralliement National or RN, won about 8.8% of the popular vote and no seats. Bourgault lost the northern Duplessis riding by a very small margin, a great accomplishment for such a third party. Although it never gathered a high number of votes Quebec-wide, it played an important role in the birth of the modern "indépendantiste" movement in Quebec and was very active in public demonstrations. Famous protests of the RIN include a 1964 demonstration disapproving the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Quebec, and a 1968 protest about the presence of Pierre Trudeau on Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day that turned to riot. Their members and supporters were also present in the Montreal crowd and their symbols visible when French President Charles de Gaulle shouted his famed "Vive le Québec Libre" (Long live free Quebec).

In 1968, the charismatic Quebec Liberal Party Member of the National Assembly and cabinet minister René Lévesque left the Liberal Party when its members voted to not debate his idea of two independent but associated states (Quebec and Canada). Shortly after, the Mouvement Souveraineté-Association was founded with Lévesque as leader. The RIN (as did the RN) quickly engaged in talks over a possible merger with the MSA. Bourgault and D'Allemagne strongly believed that forces of independence had to unite to challenge the "old parties" (Liberals and Union Nationale). Andrée Ferretti notoriously opposed the idea of abandonning civil actions to jump into the provincial political arena. There were disagreements between the two organizations and it was in no small part because of the clash of Bourgault and Lévesque. Lévesque had come to distrust the RIN because of its perceived rowdy behaviour. Thus began a conflict between the two men that would last forever. Opposition was also found in the RIN itself for some militants were heart-broken from the prospect of the "end" of the party but, ultimately, the desire of a strong independentist force nonetheless won the hearts of the members. The MSA came to an agreement with the RN but not the RIN. By 1968, its left wing split to form the Le front de libération populaire (FLP), and most of what remained entered the Parti Québécois in 1969.

Leaders

* André D'Allemagne (1960-1961)
* Marcel Chaput (1961-1962)
* Guy Pouliot (1962-1964)
* Pierre Bourgault (1964-1968)

Publication

The party had its own periodical, published monthly, then biweekly.

* "L'Indépendance. Organe officiel du Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale", vol. 1, issue 1 (September 1962) - vol. 6, issue 20 (September 1968)

Election results

Notes

References

In English

* Stein, Michael B. " [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0007291 Separatism] ", in "The Canadian Encyclopedia". Historica Foundation of Canada, 2008
* " [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000916 Pierre Bourgault] ", in "The Canadian Encyclopedia". Historica Foundation of Canada, 2008
* Smart, Patricia. " [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000262 Aquin, Hubert] ", in "The Canadian Encyclopedia". Historica Foundation of Canada, 2008

In French

* Labrecque, Jean-Claude (2002). "Le RIN", Montréal: Productions Virage, 78 min. (script: Michel Martin, Jean-Claude Labrecque)
* Bruno Deshaies. " [http://www.rond-point.qc.ca/histoire/rin/manifeste.html Manifeste du Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale] ", in the site "Le Rond-Point des sciences humaines", 2002
* D'Allemagne, André (2000). "Une idée qui somnolait : écrits sur la souveraineté du Québec depuis les origines du RIN, 1958-2000", Montréal: Comeau & Nadeau, 250 p. ISBN 2-922494-33-0
* RIN. "Programme politique du Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale : tel qu'adopté à son congrès de mai 1965", Montréal: RIN, 75 p.
* Pelletier, Réjean (1974). "Les militants du R.I.N.", Ottawa : Editions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 82 p. ISBN 0776630512
* D'Allemagne, André (1974). "Le R.I.N. de 1960 à 1963 : étude d'un groupe de pression au Québec", Montréal : Editions L'Etincelle, 160 p. ISBN 0885150295
* RIN. "Mémoire du Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale au Comité parlementaire de la constitution", 1964, 45 p.
* Gauvin, Jean-François. " [http://membres.lycos.fr/independance/organisations/rin/ Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale] ", in the site "L'indépendance du Québec", updated June 2, 2004
* Frappier, Bernard. " [http://www.vigile.net/+-RIN-+ Histoire : RIN] ", dossier in Vigile.net
* Cliche, Mathieu. " [http://www.quebecpolitique.com/partis/rin.html Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale] ", im "QuébecPolitique.com",updated January 4, 2007
* " [http://archives.radio-canada.ca/politique/partis_chefs_politiques/clips/6153/ Crise interne au RIN] ", in "Les Archives de Radio-Canada". Société Radio-Canada, updated January 5, 2004
* " [http://archives.radio-canada.ca/politique/partis_chefs_politiques/clips/6133/ Dissensions au congrès du RIN] ", in "Les Archives de Radio-Canada". Société Radio-Canada, updated April 6, 2005

ee also

* Politics of Quebec
* List of Quebec general elections
* List of Quebec premiers
* List of Quebec leaders of the Opposition
* National Assembly of Quebec
* Timeline of Quebec history
* Political parties in Quebec
* Quebec Sovereignism
* Secessionist movements of Canada

External links

* [http://english.republiquelibre.org/manifesto-rin.html Unofficial English translation of the 1960 Manifesto of the RIN]