- Conjugation of regular Catalan verbs
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Conjugation of regular Catalan verbs.
This is a supplement to the main article on Catalan grammar.
MODELS FOR THE CONJUGATION OF REGULAR CATALAN VERBS
MODELS PER A LA CONJUGACIÓ DELS VERBS REGULARS EN CATALÀPRONOUNS
PRONOMS (7)FIRST CONJUGATION
PRIMERA CONJUGACIÓSECOND CONJUGATION
SEGONA CONJUGACIÓTHIRD CONJUGATION
TERCERA CONJUGACIÓSIMPLE TENSES - TEMPS SIMPLES INFINITIVE - INFINITIU cant-ar (1) perd-re, tém-er sent-ir, acolor-ir GERUND - GERUNDI cant-ant perd-ent, tem-ent sent-int, acolor-int PARTICIPLE - PARTICIPI (6) cant-at perd-ut, tem-ut sent-it, acolor-it INDICATIVE - INDICATIU Present - Present jo cant-o perd-o, tem-o sent-o, acolor-eix-o (3) tu cant-es perd-s, tem-s sent-s, acolor-eix-es ell/ella/vostè cant-a perd, tem sent, acolor-eix nosaltres cant-em perd-em, tem-em sent-im, acolor-im vosaltres cant-eu perd-eu, tem-eu sent-iu, acolor-iu ells/elles/vostès cant-en perd-en, tem-en sent-en, acolor-eix-en Imperfect - Imperfet jo cant-av-a perd-i-a, tem-i-a sent-i-a, acolor-i-a tu cant-av-es perd-i-es, tem-i-es sent-i-es, acolor-i-es ell/ella/vostè cant-av-a perd-i-a, tem-i-a sent-i-a, acolor-i-a nosaltres cant-àv-em perd-í-em, tem-í-em sent-í-em, acolor-í-em vosaltres cant-àv-eu perd-í-eu, tem-í-eu sent-í-eu, acolor-í-eu ells/elles/vostès cant-av-en perd-i-en, tem-i-en sent-i-en, acolor-i-en Past - Passat (4) jo cant-í perd-í, tem-í sent-í, acolor-í tu cant-a-res perd-e-res, tem-e-res sent-i-res, acolor-i-res ell/ella/vostè cant-à perd-é, tem-é sent-í, acolor-í nosaltres cant-à-rem perd-é-rem, tem-é-rem sent-í-rem, acolor-í-rem vosaltres cant-à-reu perd-é-reu, tem-é-reu sent-í-reu, acolor-í-reu ells/elles/vostès cant-a-ren perd-e-ren, tem-e-ren sent-i-ren, acolor-i-ren Future - Futur jo cant-ar-é perd-r-é (5), tem-er-é sent-ir-é, acolor-ir-é tu cant-ar-às perd-r-às, tem-er-às sent-ir-às, acolor-ir-às ell/ella/vostè cant-ar-à perd-r-à, tem-er-à sent-ir-à, acolor-ir-à nosaltres cant-ar-em perd-r-em, tem-er-em sent-ir-em, acolor-ir-em vosaltres cant-ar-eu perd-r-eu, tem-er-eu sent-ir-eu, acolor-ir-eu ells/elles/vostès cant-ar-an perd-r-an, tem-er-an sent-ir-an, acolor-ir-an CONDITIONAL - CONDICIONAL jo cant-ar-ia perd-r-ia (5), tem-er-ia sent-ir-ia, acolor-ir-ia tu cant-ar-ies perd-r-ies, tem-er-ies sent-ir-ies, acolor-ir-ies ell/ella/vostè cant-ar-ia perd-r-ia, tem-er-ia sent-ir-ia, acolor-ir-ia nosaltres cant-ar-íem perd-r-íem, tem-er-íem sent-ir-íem, acolor-ir-íem vosaltres cant-ar-íeu perd-r-íeu, tem-er-íeu sent-ir-íeu, acolor-ir-íeu ells/elles/vostès cant-ar-ien perd-r-ien, tem-er-ien sent-ir-ien, acolor-ir-ien SUBJUNCTIVE - SUBJUNTIU Present - Present jo cant-i perd-i, tem-i sent-i, acolor-eix-i (3) tu cant-is perd-is, tem-is sent-is, acolor-eix-is ell/ella/vostè cant-i perd-i, tem-i sent-i, acolor-eix-i nosaltres cant-em perd-em, tem-em sent-im, acolor-im vosaltres cant-eu perd-eu, tem-eu sent-iu, acolor-iu ells/elles/vostès cant-in perd-in, tem-in sent-in, acolor-eix-in Imperfect - Imperfet jo cant-és perd-és, tem-és sent-ís, acolor-ís tu cant-ess-is perd-ess-is, tem-ess-is sent-iss-is, acolor-iss-is ell/ella/vostè cant-és perd-és, tem-és sent-ís, acolor-ís nosaltres cant-éss-im perd-éss-im, tem-éss-im sent-íss-im, acolor-íss-im vosaltres cant-éss-iu perd-éss-iu, tem-éss-iu sent-íss-iu, acolor-íss-iu ells/elles/vostès cant-ess-in perd-ess-in, tem-ess-in sent-iss-in, acolor-iss-in IMPERATIVE - IMPERATIU tu cant-a perd, tem sent, acolor-eix (3) vostè cant-i perd-i, tem-i sent-i, acolor-eix-i nosaltres cant-em perd-em, tem-em sent-im, acolor-im vosaltres cant-eu perd-eu, tem-eu sent-iu, acolor-iu vostès cant-in perd-in, tem-in sent-in, acolor-eix-in COMPOSITE TENSES - TEMPS COMPOSTOS INFINITIVE PERFECT - INFINITIU PERFET haver cantat haver perdut,
haver temuthaver sentit,
haver acoloritGERUND PERFECT - GERUNDI PERFET havent cantat havent perdut,
havent temuthavent sentit,
havent acoloritINDICATIVE - INDICATIU Perfect - Perfet jo he cantat he perdut,
he temuthe sentit,
he acolorit... ... ... ... Pluperfect - Plusquamperfet jo havia cantat havia perdut,
havia temuthavia sentit,
havia acolorit... ... ... ... Past Anterior - Passat Anterior (4) jo haguí cantat haguí perdut,
haguí temuthaguí sentit,
haguí acolorit... ... ... ... Periphrastic Past - Passat Perifràstic (4) jo vaig cantar vaig perdre,
vaig témervaig sentir,
vaig acolorirtu vas cantar vas perdre,
vas témervas sentir,
vas acolorirell/ella/vostè va cantar va perdre,
va témerva sentir,
va acolorirnosaltres vam cantar vam perdre,
vam témervam sentir,
vam acolorirvosaltres vau cantar vau perdre,
vau témervau sentir,
vau acolorirells/elles/vostès van cantar van perdre,
van témervan sentir,
van acolorirPeriphrastic Past Anterior - Passat Anterior Perifràstic (4) jo vaig haver cantat vaig haver perdut,
vaig haver temutvaig haver sentir,
vaig haver acolorit... ... ... ... Future Perfect - Futur Perfet jo hauré cantat hauré perdut,
hauré temuthauré sentit,
hauré acolorit... ... ... ... CONDITIONAL - CONDICIONAL Conditional Perfect - Condicional Perfet jo hauria cantat hauria perdut,
hauria temuthauria sentit,
hauria acolorit... ... ... ... SUBJUNCTIVE - SUBJUNTIU Periphrastic Past - Passat Perifràstic (4) jo vagi cantar vagi perdre,
vagi témervagi sentir,
vagi acolorirtu vagis cantar vagis perdre,
vagis témervagis sentir,
vagis acolorirell/ella/vostè vagi cantar vagi perdre,
vagi témervagi sentir,
vagi acolorirnosaltres vàgim cantar vàgim perdre,
vàgim témervàgim sentir,
vàgim acolorirvosaltres vàgiu cantar vàgiu perdre,
vàgiu témervàgiu sentir, vàgiu acolorir ells/elles/vostès vagin cantar vagin perdre,
vagin témervagin sentir,
vagin acolorirPerfect - Perfect jo hagi cantat hagi perdut,
hagi temuthagi sentit,
hagi acolorit... ... ... ... Pluperfect - Plusquamperfet jo hagués cantat hagués perdut,
hagués temuthagués sentit,
hagués acolorit... ... ... ... Periphrastic Past Anterior - Passat Anterior Perifràstic (4) jo vagi haver cantat vagi haver perdut,
vagi haver temutvagi haver sentit,
vagi haver acolorit... ... ... ... - (1) Division with a hyphen in each of the forms indicates the root or "lexeme", the portion specific to the particular conjugation, and the ending (known in Catalan as the "desinènci", a word most often seen in the plural "desinències").
- (2) When verbs of the first conjugation have roots that end in c, ç, g, j, gu, or qu before endings that begin with e or i, there is an orthographic alteration to qu, c, gu, g, gü, and qü, respectively. For example:
- "tancar" ==> "tanques"
- "caçar" ==> "caces"
- "furgar" ==> "furgues"
- "rajar" ==> "rages"
- "obliquar" ==> "obliqües"
- (3) The infix -eix- is found in the majority of third-conjugation verbs. Such verbs are known as "verbs incoatius". The third person singular and the third person plural of the present indicative, the subjunctive, and the imperative affix -eix- between the root (lexeme) and the morpheme (or grameme) that constitutes the ending. This pattern is so nearly universal that it is possible to list the exceptions explicitly: "ajupir", "bullir", "collir", "cosir", "cruixir", "dormir", "eixir", "escopir", "esmunyir", "fugir", "grunyir", "morir", "munyir", "obrir", "omplir", "pruir", "pudir", "retrunyir", "sentir", "sortir", "tenir", "tossir", "venir", and verbs that derive from these by adding prefixes, with the "exceptions to the exception" being "assentir" and "dissentir", which have the -eix- infix. "Mentir", "consumir", "resumir", and "brunzir" can be conjugated either way, although the form with the -eix- is considered more correct. "Lluir" is conjugated two ways: without -eix- when it is used in the literal sense of "to emit light", with -eix- when it us used figuratively: "to look good", "to show off", or "to be successful".
- (4) The past, also known as the preterite, is rarely used in the spoken and written language and the same applies for the past anterior in both indicative and subjunctive moods (because it has the past form of haver in the composite form). In the modern language, the periphrastic past and the periphrastic past anterior replace the past and the past anterior. The main auxiliary verb is anar, but one must pay attention that it is conjugated in a slightly different way than the actual anar (a non-auxiliary verb expressing the meaning to go).
- (5) Verbs whose infinitives end in re omit the last vowel in the future and the conditional conjugations, immediately before the suffixed desinències.
- (6) The participle must match the noun in grammatical gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural).
- (7) The pronouns are omitted in the spoken and written language, except only where to clear up the ambiguity and that is usually when the conjugated verbs look similar (ex.: the conjugated first and third person singulars in the imperfect). The pronouns may also be used to empathize the verbs. In this list, the pronouns only serve as a guide for each grammatical person.
External links
- verbs.cat - Find conjugation tables and practise verbal tenses
- El Con Jugador - A good verb conjugator website
See also
Categories:- Catalan language
- Verbs by language
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