Silicon tetrafluoride

Silicon tetrafluoride

Chembox new
Name = Silicon tetrafluoride
ImageFile = Silicon-tetrafluoride-2D-dimensions.png ImageName = Silicon tetrafluoride
ImageFile1 = Silicon-tetrafluoride-3D-vdW.png ImageName1 = Silicon tetrafluoride
IUPACName = Silicon tetrafluoride
OtherNames = Tetrafluorosilane
Silicon fluoride
Fluoro acid air
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
SMILES = FSi(F)(F)F
CASNo = 7783-61-1
RTECS = VW2327000
Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = SiF4
MolarMass = 104.08 g/mol
Appearance = colourless gas
( fuming in moist air)
Density = 1.66 g/cm3, solid (-95 C)
Solubility = hydrolysis
MeltingPt = -86 °C
BoilingPt = sublimes at -95.5 °C at 1 atm
Viscosity = ? cP at ?°C
Section3 = Chembox Structure
MolShape = tetrahedral
Dipole = 0 D
Section7 = Chembox Hazards
ExternalMSDS =
MainHazards = toxic, corrosive
RPhrases = 14-26/27/28-31-34
SPhrases = 23-26-36/37/39-45
Section8 = Chembox Related
OtherCpds = SiCl4
SiH4
Dihydrogen hexafluorosilicate

Silicon tetrafluoride or Tetrafluorosilane is the chemical compound with the formula SiF4. This tetrahedral molecule is striking because it has a remarkably narrow liquid range (its boiling point is only 4 °C above its melting point). It was first synthesized by John Davy in 1812. [cite journal
title = An Account of Some Experiments on Different Combinations of Fluoric Acid
author = John Davy
journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
year = 1812
volume = 102
issue =
pages = 352–369
url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0261-0523%281812%29102%3C352%3AAAOSEO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4
doi = 10.1098/rstl.1812.0020]

Preparation

SiF4 is a by-product of the production of phosphate fertilizers, resulting from the attack of HF (derived from fluoroapatite protonolysis) on silicates. In the laboratory, the compound is prepared by heating BaSiF6 >300 °C, whereupon the solid releases volatile SiF4, leaving a residue of BaF2. The required BaSiF6 is prepared by treating aqueous fluorosilicic acid with barium chloride. [Hoffman, C. J.; Gutowsky, H. S. “Silicon Tetrafluoride” Inorganic Syntheses McGraw-Hill: New York, Volume 4, pages 145-6, 1953.] The corresponding GeF4 is prepared analogously, except that the thermal "cracking" requires 700 °C. [Hoffman, C. J.; Gutowsky, H. S. "Germanium Tetrafluoride” Inorganic Syntheses McGraw-Hill: New York, Volume 4, pages 147-8, 1953.]

Uses

This volatile compound finds limited use in microelectronics and organic synthesis. [Shimizu, M. "Silicon(IV) Fluoride" Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001 John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/047084289X.rs011]

Occurrence

Vulcanic plumes contain significant amounts of silicon tetrafluoride, the daily production can reach several tonnes per day. [cite journal
title = High SiF4/HF ratio detected in Satsuma-Iwojima volcano's plume by remote FT-IR observation
author = T. Mori, M. Sato, Y. Shimoike, K. Notsu
journal = Earth Planets Space
year = 2002
volume = 54
issue =
pages = 249–256
url = http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2002/5403/54030249.pdf] The silicon tetrafluoride is partly hydrolysed and forms hexafluorosilicic acid.

References


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  • silicon tetrafluoride — silicio(IV) fluoridas statusas T sritis chemija formulė SiF₄ atitikmenys: angl. silicon tetrafluoride; silicon(IV) fluoride rus. кремний четырехфтористый; кремния тетрафторид; кремния(IV) фторид ryšiai: sinonimas – silicio tetrafluoridas …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • silicon tetrafluoride — noun the binary compound of silicon and fluorine SiF, a colourless, poisonous gas with a pungent odour, used in the production of silicon semiconductors …   Wiktionary

  • silicon tetrafluoride — noun : a colorless fuming suffocating gas SiF4 made by the action of fluorine on silicon or of hydrofluoric acid on silica or silicates (as glass) and used chiefly in making fluosilicic acid and fluosilicates * * * Chem. a colorless, fuming gas,… …   Useful english dictionary

  • silicon tetrafluoride — Chem. a colorless, fuming gas, SiF4, used chiefly in the manufacture of fluosilicic acid. * * * …   Universalium

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  • Hexafluorosilicic acid — Preferred IUPAC name Hexafluorosilicic acid Systematic name …   Wikipedia

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