Middlesex University (Massachusetts)

Middlesex University, known primarily for its medical and veterinary schools, operated from 1914 until 1947, first in Cambridge, Massachusetts, later in Waltham, Massachusetts.

The "Middlesex College of Medicine and Surgery" was founded in 1914 by John Hall Smith, and originally located in Cambridge, Massachusetts and affiliated with the Middlesex Hospital. In 1917, Massachusetts chartered an institution named the "University of Massachusetts" with the same board of trustees.^[1][2]

In 1928, it moved to the Waltham campus, the present-day campus of Brandeis University. The building which Brandeis calls "Usen Castle" or "the Castle" was originally the main building of Middlesex University.

In 1935 Middlesex College of Medicine and Surgery received authorization to grant B.A. and B.S. degrees and became "Middlesex College." In 1937 it merged with the University of Massachusetts to become "Middlesex University," with schools of medicine, liberal arts, pharmacy, podiatry, and veterinary medicine.

Middlesex University was important as a veterinary school; it was the only veterinary school in New England,^[3] and when it closed in 1947, there was none in New England until Tufts University opened Cummings in 1978.^[4] As of 2006, about nineteen Middlesex graduates were practicing in Massachusetts.^[5]

Middlesex University is described by a Brandeis University web page as "a university founded on the principles of equality, freedom, and scholarship, as the school maintained a student population diverse in race, color, and religion, during a time when many universities in the United States had quotas and were not as open."^[2] In particular, it freely admitted Jews during a time when most elite universities had Jewish quotas, and it had many Jews among its students and faculty. Its medical school experienced difficulty securing AMA accreditation. The AMA said this was due to insufficient funds, faculty, and facilities, but some at the university believed that antisemitism played a role. In the words of C. Ruggles Smith, son of the founder:

From its inception, Middlesex was ruthlessly attacked by the American Medical Association, which at that time was dedicated to restricting the production of physicians, and to maintaining an inflexible policy of discrimination in the admission of medical students. Middlesex, alone among medical schools, selected its students on the basis of merit, and refused to establish any racial quotas.^[3]

In 1944, a law making doctor's licensing dependent on holding an MD from an AMA-accredited medical school, and financial problems caused by World War II, made the situation of Middlesex University untenable. In 1946, the Middlesex trustees transferred the charter and campus of the university to the foundation which was to establish Brandeis, with the hope, not to be realized, that Brandeis would be able to continue the medical and veterinary schools. In 1947, Brandeis, feeling that the medical school would never be more than third-rate and that the financial burden of operating it was too heavy, closed its doors.

References

1. ^ (The present-day University of Massachusetts is a completely unrelated institution; it was known at that time as "Massachusetts Agricultural College", later "Massachusetts State College", and did not become the "University of Massachusetts until 1947")."UMass Amherst: A Brief History". http://www.umass.edu/umhome/about/history.html. Retrieved 2006-05-13. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Middlesex University". Robert T. Farber University Archives, LTS, Brandeis University. 2005-08-22. http://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/findingguides/archives/dept-subject/middlesex.html. Institutional names, changes, merges. AMA issues; antisemitism suggested; difficulty securing AMA accreditation; 1944 legislation; AMA claim that Middlesex lacked sufficient funds, facilities, and faculty"
3. ^ ^{a b} Reis, Arthur H., Jr. "The Founding". Brandeis Review, 50th Anniversary Edition. http://www.brandeis.edu/publications/review/50threview/founding.pdf. Retrieved 2006-05-17. , pp. 42-3: Only veterinary school in New England; C. Ruggles Smith quote about AMA opposition
4. ^ Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine page - Tufts University
5. ^ Massachusetts Veterinary Medical Association, [1], search on Veterinary School=Middlesex. 19 hits on a database of "about 1000" practitioners.