Splake

Taxobox


image_caption =
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Actinopterygii
ordo = Salmoniformes
familia = Salmonidae
genus = Salvelinus
species = S. fontinalis × S. namaycush
binomial = S. fontinalis × S. namaycush
binomial_authority =

The splake ("Salvelinus namaycush X Salvelinus fontinalis") is a hybrid of two fish species resulting from the crossing of a male brook trout ("Salvelinus fontinalis") and a female lake trout ("Salvelinus namaycush"). The name itself is a hybrid between 'SP'eckled trout (another name for brook trout) and 'LAKE' trout, and may have been used to describe such hybrids as early as the 1880s (Kerr, S.J. 2000). Hybrids of the male lake trout with the female brook trout (the so-called "brookinaw") have also been produced but are not as successful (Sowards, 1959).

The intrageneric hybrid is of the genus Salvelinus and, hence, is most properly known as a "char" or "charr". In some locales, the fish is referred to as the Wendigo. Although the hybrid is genetically stable and is, theoretically, capable of reproducing, splake reproduction is extremely rare, for behavioural reasons, outside the hatchery environment. The only known natural reproduction has occurred in 5 lakes in Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada and, in each case, only a handful of progeny were produced.

The fish possesses characteristics of both parent species. Splake exhibit higher growth rates than either parent species and can attain 46 cm (18 in) in length only 2 years after being planted as fingerlings ("i.e.", at 2½ years of age). By way of contrast, lacustrine brook trout would approach 25 cm (10 in) in length at a similar age and similarly-aged lake trout would be expected to be less than 40 cm (16 in) long. [http://welcome.warnercnr.colostate.edu/~brett/lab/coldwater/trophic_economics.pdf Trophic Economics of Lake Trout Managementin Reservoirs of Differing Productivity]

Splake are considered "easier to catch" than other salmonids and often live longer and fare better in certain situations. Hence, splake are well suited for stocking in a variety of cold water lakes and ponds. The maximum size is about 9 kg (20 lb) but fish over 4 kg (9 lb) are rare and are considered trophies.

Literature

* AYLES, B. (1974): Relative importance of additive genetic and maternal sources of variation in early survival of young splake hybrids (Salvelinus fontinalis x S. namaycush). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 31: 1499-1502.
* BERST, A.H., IHSSEN, P.E., SPANGLER, G.R., AYLES, G.B., MARTIN, G.W. (1980): The splake, a hybrid charr Salvelinus namaycush x S. fontinalis. In: BALON, E.K.(ed.): Charrs, Salmonid Fishes of the Genus Salvelinus. Dr. W. Junk bv Publishers, The Hague, 841-887.
* KERR, S.J. (2000): F1 Splake: An Annotated Bibliography and Literature Review. Fish and Wildlife Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. 79p. + appendices.
* SOWARDS, C.L. 1959. Experiments in hybridizing several species of trout. Progressive Fish Culturist 21(4) : 147-150.

References