Hypoventilation

Hypoventilation

SignSymptom infobox
Name = PAGENAME


Caption =
DiseasesDB = 29214
ICD10 = ICD10|R|06|8|r|00
ICD9 =
ICDO =
OMIM =
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj = med
eMedicineTopic = 3470
MeshID = D007040
In medicine, hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate ("hypo" means "below") to perform needed gas exchange. It generally causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and respiratory acidosis. It can be caused by medical conditions, by holding one's breath, or by drugs, typically when taken in overdose. Hypoventilation may be dangerous for those with sleep apnea.

As a side effect of medicines or recreational drugs, hypoventilation may become potentially life-threatening. Many different CNS depressant drugs such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, GHB and opiates produce respiratory depression when taken in large or excessive doses; however this is most commonly seen as a cause of death with opiates or opioids, particularly when they are combined with sedatives such as alcohol or benzodiazepines. Strong opiates, (fentanyl, heroin, morphine, etc) and barbiturates are notorious for producing this effect; in an overdose, an individual may cease breathing entirely (go into respiratory arrest) which is rapidly fatal without treatment.

Respiratory stimulants such as nikethamide were traditionally used to counteract respiratory depression from CNS depressant overdose, but were of only limited effectiveness. A new respiratory stimulant drug BIMU8 is currently being investigated which seems to be significantly more effective and may be useful for counteracting the respiratory depression produced by opiates and similar drugs without offsetting their therapeutic or recreational effects.

A disorder referred to as "Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome" or "CCHS" is recognized. This condition may be a significant factor in some cases of sudden infant death syndrome or "cot death".

The opposite condition is hyperventilation (too much ventilation), resulting in low carbon dioxide levels (hypocapnia), rather than hypercapnia.

ee also

*Dyspnea


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  • hypoventilation — ● hypoventilation nom féminin Diminution pathologique de la ventilation pulmonaire. hypoventilation [ipovɑ̃tilɑsjɔ̃] n. f. ÉTYM. XXe; de hypo , et ventilation. ❖ ♦ Méd. Diminution de la ventilation pulmonaire qui peut entraîner une augmentation… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Hypoventilation — Mit Hypoventilation oder Atemdepression bezeichnet man eine für den Gasaustausch des Organismus unzulängliche Atmung, die zu oberflächlich oder zu langsam sein kann. Dadurch kommt es im Blut zu einem Anstieg des Kohlenstoffdioxids (Hyperkapnie)… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • hypoventilation — Reduced alveolar ventilation relative to metabolic carbon dioxide production, so that alveolar carbon dioxide pressure increases above normal. SYN: underventilation. * * * hy·po·ven·ti·la·tion …   Medical dictionary

  • Hypoventilation — Une hypoventilation pulmonaire est une inspiration insuffisante d’air par les poumons provoquant une diminution de la quantité d’oxygène dans le sang et une augmentation de la quantité de dioxyde de carbone et par conséquent une acidification du… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hypoventilation — abgeflachte Atmung * * * Hypoventilation,   im Verhältnis zum Körperbedarf unzureichende, abgeflachte oder verlangsamte Atmung (respiratorische Insuffizienz), die zu einem Absinken des Sauerstoff und Ansteigen des Kohlendioxidpartialdrucks mit… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • hypoventilation — n. breathing at an abnormally shallow and slow rate, which results in an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. Alveolar hypoventilation may be primary, which is very rare, or secondary, which can be due to destructive lesions of …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • hypoventilation — hy·po·ven·ti·la·tion (hī pə vĕn tl āʹshən) n. Abnormally slow and shallow respiration, resulting in an increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood. * * * …   Universalium

  • hypoventilation — noun Respiratory depression, occurring when ventilation is inadequate to perform the necessary gas exchange, which may be caused by certain medical conditions, by holding ones breath, or by drug overdose. Ant: hyperventilation …   Wiktionary

  • Hypoventilation — Hypo|ventilatio̱n [↑hypo... u. ↑Ventilation] w; , en: zu schwache Beatmung der Lunge bei Verminderung der Atemfrequenz od. des Atemvolumens (führt u.Hypoventilationa. zu ↑Anoxämie) …   Das Wörterbuch medizinischer Fachausdrücke

  • Hypoventilation — Hy|po|ven|ti|la|ti|on [...v...] die; , en <zu ↑hypo... u. ↑Ventilation> zu schwache Beatmung der Lunge bei Verminderung der Atemfrequenz od. des Atemvolumens (Med.); Ggs. ↑Hyperventilation …   Das große Fremdwörterbuch

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