Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)

The Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire was the government structure added to the Ottoman governing structure during the Second Constitutional Era. The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) was in power between 1908 and 1918. In this period, most of the ministers were also from the CUP.

The imperial government was composed of:

Education Minister

War Department

Ministers of War

*Mahmut Sevket Pasha from January 12 1910 to July 9 1912
*Hurşit Pasha from July 9 1912 to July 29 1912
*Nazım Pasha from July 29 1912 to January 22 1913
*Mahmut Sevket Pasha January 23 1913 to June 11 1913
*Ahmet İzzet Pasha June 18 1913 to October 5 1913
*Curuksulu Mahmut Pasha 5 October 1913 – 3 January 1914)
*Enver Pasha from January 3 1914 to October 4 1918
*Ahmet İzzet Pasha from October 14 1918 to November 11 1918
*Abdullah Pasha from November 11 1918 to December 19 1918
*Cevat Pasha from December 19 1918 – January 13 1919

War Council

Chiefs of General Staff
*Ahmet İzzet Pasha from August 15 1908 to January 1 1914
*Enver Pasha from January 3 1914 to October 4 1918
*Ahmet İzzet Pasha October 4 1918 to November 3 1918
*Cevat Pasha from November 3 1918 to December 24 1918
*Fevzi Pasha from December 24 1918 to May 14 1919
*Cevat Pasha from May 14 1919 to August 2 1919
*Hadi Pasha from August 2 1919 to September 12 1919
*Fuat Pasha from September 12 1919 to October 9 1919
*Cevat Pasha from October 9 1919 to February 16 1920
*Sevket Turgut Pasha from February 16 1920 to April 19 1920
*Nazif PaPasha from April 19 1920 to May 2 1920
*Hadi Pasha from May 2 1920 to May 19 1920

British Naval Mission

British Naval Mission was led by Admiral Limpus.

French Gendarmerie Mission

French Gendarmerie Mission was led by General Moujen.

German Military Mission

The German military mission become the third most important command center (Sultan, Minister of War, Head of Mission) for the Ottoman Army.

The initial contact was established during the Balkan Wars by Grand Vizier Sait Halim Pasha and Minister of War Ahmet Izzet Pasha. Kaiser Wilhelm II sent General Goltz’s mission, which served two periods in Turkey within two years (8 months total).

The German mission was accredited from 27 October 1913 to 1918. General Otto Liman von Sanders, previously commander of the 22nd Division, was assigned by the Kaiser to Istanbul. Germany considered an Ottoman-Russian war to be imminent, and Liman von Sanders was a general with excellent knowledge of the Russian armed forces. The Ottoman Empire was undecided about which side to take in a future war involving Germany, Britain and France. The 9th article of the German Military Mission stated that in case of a war the contract would be annulled.

Teskilati Mahsusa

Teskilati Mahsusa