1249

Events

Europe

* February 16 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by King Louis IX of France as an ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols.
* May 26 - The Battle of Fossalta is fought.
* August 15 - The First Battle of Athenry is fought in Galway, Ireland.
* University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded with money gifted from the estate of William of Durham.
* The Moors lose possession of Alicante in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain).
* King Afonso III of Portugal recaptures Faro in the Algarve from the Moors, thus ending the Portuguese Reconquista.
* Roger Bacon publishes a major scientific work, including writings of convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness and the first publication of the formula for gunpowder in the western world.
* The city of Mystras, Greece is fortified and a palace is constructed there by William II Villehardouin.
* The city of Stralsund (in present-day Germany) is burned to the ground by forces from the rival city of Lübeck.
* Swedish statesman Birger Jarl subjugates the province of Tavastia in Finland, securing Swedish power in Finland.
* Alphonse of Toulouse orders the expulsion of Jews from Poitou, France.
* Jean Mouflet makes an agreement with the abbot of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in the Senonais region in France: in return for an annual payment, the monastery will recognize Jean as a "citizen of Sens". He is a leather merchant, has a leather shop that he leases for the rent of 50 shillings a year. The agreement is witnessed by Jean's wife, Douce, daughter of a wealthy and prominent citizen of Sens, Felis Charpentier.
* The Hungarian capital is moved from Esztergom to Buda.

Asia

* Pho Khun Si Indrathit becomes the first king of the Sukhothai kingdom, marking the founding of the modern Thai nation.
* The Hikitsuke, a judicial organ of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates of Japan, is established.
* The Japanese Hōji era ends, and the Kenchō era begins.

Africa

* King Louis IX of France captures Damietta in Egypt, the first major military engagement of the Seventh Crusade.

Births

* July 9 - Emperor Kameyama of Japan (died 1305)
* Eric V of Denmark (died 1286)
* Robert III of Flanders
* Frederick I, Margrave of Baden (died 1268)
* Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford (died 1297)
* Pope John XXII (died 1334)
* Menachem Meiri, rabbi

Deaths

* July 6 - King Alexander II of Scotland (born 1198)
* September 27 - Count Raymond VII of Toulouse (born 1197)
* As-Salih Ayyub, ruler of Egypt
* Abu Zakariya, ruler of the Maghreb (born 1203)
* William of Sherwood, English logician (born 1190)
* Wuzhun Shifan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (born 1178)
* Song Ci, Chinese physician and judge (born 1186)