Fumaria officinalis

Fumaria officinalis
Fumaria officinalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Fumariaceae
Genus: Fumaria
Species: F. officinalis
Binomial name
Fumaria officinalis
L.

Fumaria officinalis (Common Fumitory or Earth smoke) is the most common species of the genus Fumaria in Western and Central Europe. It is closely related to the Papaveraceae (Poppy) Family.

Contents

Description

It is an herbaceous annual plant, which grows weakly erect and scrambling, with stalks about 10 to 50 cm long. Its pink 7 to 9mm flowers appear from April to October in the northern hemisphere. They are two lipped and spurred, with sepals running a quarter the length of the petals[1]. The fruit is an achene. It contains alkaloids, potassium salts, and tannins. It is also a major source of fumaric acid. The "smoky" or "fumy" origin of its name is uncertain.

Herbalism

It was traditionally thought to be good for the eyes, and to remove skin blemishes. In modern times herbalists use it to treat skin diseases, and conjunctivitis; as well as to cleanse the kidneys. However, Howard (1987) warns that fumitory is poisonous and should only be used "under the direction of a medical herbalist."[2]

Chemical contituents

Fumaria officinalis is closely related to the Poppy Family.

The plant contains isoquinoline alkaloids protopine and allocryptopine. Both protopine and allocryptopine increased CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA levels in human hepatocyte cells. The use of products containing protopine and/or allocryptopine may be considered safe in terms of possible induction of CYP1A enzymes.[3]

References

  1. ^ Fitter, Richard; Fitter, Alastair; Blamey, Marjorie (1974). The Wild Flowers of Britain and Northern Europe. London: Collins. pp. 78. ISBN 00021905705. 
  2. ^ Howard, Michael. Traditional Folk Remedies (century, 1987). pp142-3.
  3. ^ Vrba J, Vrublova E, Modriansky M, Ulrichova J.,"Protopine and allocryptopine increase mRNA levels of cytochromes P450 1A in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells independently of AhR." Toxicol Lett. 2011 Jun 10;203(2):135-41

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  • Fumaria officinalis — vaistinė žvirbliarūtė statusas T sritis vardynas apibrėžtis Žvirbliarūtinių šeimos vaistinis augalas (Fumaria officinalis), paplitęs šiaurės Afrikoje, vakarų Azijoje ir Europoje. atitikmenys: lot. Fumaria officinalis angl. common fumitory;… …   Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)

  • Fumaria officinalis — Fumaric Fu*mar ic, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory ({Fumaria officinalis}). [1913 Webster] {Fumaric acid} (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid, extracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, {C2H2(CO2H)2}, and… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Fumaria officinalis — ID 35875 Symbol Key FUOF Common Name drug fumitory Family Fumariaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Introduced to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AL, AR, CA, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI,… …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Fumaria officinalis — noun delicate European herb with greyish leaves and spikes of purplish flowers; formerly used medicinally • Syn: ↑fumitory, ↑fumewort, ↑fumeroot • Hypernyms: ↑herb, ↑herbaceous plant • Member Holonyms: ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • Fumaria officinalis L. — однол.; VI–VIII Сем. Fumariaceae – Дымянковые 122. Род Fumaria L. – Дымянка 271. Дымянка лекарственная Сорное в посевах, на огородах и на обочинах дорог. Редко. Найдена в кв. 95, а в охранной зоне заповедника довольно часто …   Флора Центрально-лесного государственного заповедника

  • Fumaria officinalis ssp. officinalis — ID 35876 Symbol Key FUOFO Common Name drug fumitory Family Fumariaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Introduced to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AL, AR, CA, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Fumaria officinalis ssp. wirtgenii — ID 35877 Symbol Key FUOFW Common Name drug fumitory Family Fumariaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Introduced to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution NE, WY Growth Habit Forb/herb Duration …   USDA Plant Characteristics

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