Esparto

Taxobox
name = Esparto Grass

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image_width = 240px
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Liliopsida
ordo = Poales
familia = Poaceae
tribe = Stipeae
genus = "Macrochloa" or "Stipa"
species = "M. tenacissima"
binomial = "Macrochloa tenacissima"
binomial_authority = (L.) Kunth.
synonyms = "Stipa tenacissima"

Esparto, or esparto grass, also known as "halfah grass" or "needle grass", "Macrochloa tenacissima" and "Stipa tenacissima", is a perennial grass grown in northwest Africa and southern Spain employed for crafts (cords, baskets, espadrilles, ...).

Esparto paper

It is also used for fiber production for paper making. The fiber makes a high quality paper often used in book manufacturing. First used in Great Britain in 1850, it has been extensively used there and in Europe, but is rarely found in the United States because of the cost of transport. It is usually combined with five to ten percent wood pulp.

The "Spanish" grade is usually regarded as the higher-quality, while the "Tripoli" grade, from Africa, is the lesser in quality. The fibers are fairly short in relation to their length , yet do not create any significant amount of dust. Because of the short fiber length, the tensile strength of the paper is less than that of many other papers, but its resistance to shrinkage and stretching is superior, and the paper is a well-filled, dense paper with excellent inking qualities. It also has very good folding properties.

"Lygeum spartum", a broadleaf perennial in the family "Gramineae", is also used in combination, and is also sometimes called esparto grass or albardine.

Some manufacturers of rolling paper may use esparto, which might lead to a slightly higher carcinogen level when burned [http://www.amat.es/convenio/circulares/2003/DICIEMBRE/CIRCULAR%20N%C2%BA%20114-03/Circular%20n%C2%BA%20114-03.pdf Ref] .

Related terms

*Espartinas, a town in the province of Seville, Spain
*The famlly name Espartero means "esparto worker or seller".
*Atocha is another Spanish word for "esparto".

External links

* [http://www.museoespartocieza.com/ Esparto Museum] es
* [http://www.esparte.es/ Esparto en artesanía tradicional fina] es