Gray-bellied Night Monkey

Taxobox
name = Gray-bellied Night MonkeyMSW3 Groves|pages=140]
status = VU
trend = unknown
status_system = iucn3.1
status_ref = IUCN2006|assessors=Defler "et al"|year=2003|id=1801|title=Aotus lemurinus|downloaded=10 May 2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is vulnerable]


image_width = 200px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Mammalia
ordo = Primates
familia = Aotidae
genus = "Aotus"
species = "A. lemurinus"
binomial = "Aotus lemurinus"
binomial_authority = I. Geoffroy, 1843

The Gray-bellied Night Monkey ("Aotus lemurinus"), also called the Lemurine Owl Monkey, is a small New World monkey of the family Aotidae. Native to tropical and subtropical forests of South and Central America, the Gray-bellied Night Monkey faces a significant threat from hunting, harvesting for use in pharmaceutical research and habitat destruction.

Physical description

Like other members of their genus, this species is nocturnal; its small, round head is striped with black and is dominated by two large, brown eyes. The overall effect is not unlike an owl; the monkey's eyes shine a reddish orange by reflected light. Its white eyebrows are bushy, with a patch of darker fur between them. Its grey fur is described as dense and woolly, with the animal's underside being yellow to orange in colour. Its brownish black to orange tail is not prehensile and invariably tipped with black.

The Gray-bellied Night Monkey has slender limbs with long, delicate fingers; its fingertip pads are wide. Adults may attain a weight of 1.3 kilograms; there is no sexual dimorphism observed.

Habitat and diet

Found in both dry and moist areas, the Gray-bellied Night Monkey occupys all levels of the forest canopy; however, it is seldomly found on the ground. It prefers dense vegetation with tangles of vines where the trees are evenly dispersed. The Lemurine Owl Monkey's range is from Colombia and north-eastern Argentina to Ecuador and Panama; it is also found in the tropical Andes.

By day the monkey slumber in the cavities of trees or in dense thickets; by night, it searches the canopy for a variety of food items. Primarily a frugivore (fruit-eating), this monkey also eats vegetation, insects, nectar, and even other small mammals and birds when fruit is scarce.

Behaviour and reproduction

Most active during twilight hours and periods of bright moonlight, the Gray-bellied Night Monkey troop consists of a mated pair and their offspring, up to five individuals in total. This species is noted for the monogamous pair-bond it forms; parental duties are shared between the lead pair and the juveniles. However, it is the male who assumes the bulk of care giving and rearing responsibilities; the female serves only to nurse the infants. Remarkably, even if the male dies the female will refuse to take over from him.

Characteristically vociferous, the monkey produces a range of calls: from soft clicks and low-pitched guttural rumblings to owl-like hoots and high-pitched shrieks when threatened. When not feeding, the monkey is typically inactive. Like other members of its genus, the Gray-bellied Night Monkey claims a relatively small territory of about 0.1 km². Scent is central to this monkey's intraspecies communication; territories are marked with brown, oily secretions from the base of the tail.

Birthing peaks at the end of the dry season and in the midst of the wet season. Gestation averages 133 days, usually resulting in a single infant; twins are a rarity. There is only one litter per year. Sexual maturity is reached at 2.5 to 3.5 years of age, at which point the offspring disperse; that is, they leave the troop in search of an unattached mate.

Classification

There are three subspecies of the Gray-bellied Night Monkey:
* Columbian or Lemurine Night Monkey, "Aotus lemurinus lemurinus"
* Grey-legged Night Monkey, "Aotus lemurinus griseimembra"
* "Aotus lemurinus zonalis"

References

External links

*ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Aotus_griseimembra/ images and movies of the Grey-legged night monkey "(Aotus griseimembra)"]
* [http://www.southalabama.edu/smbrr/aotus.htm "Aotus" Natural History]
* [http://www.primatesofpanama.org/index.html The Primate Foundation of Panama]